Socialist Party Historical Evolution

The paper is a study on the history and changes as well as experience of Socialist parties. Socialist parties refer to the Communist Party, Social Democratic Party (Social Party, the Labor Party) and some socialism-oriented left-wing parties. The socialist parties mentioned in this paper mainly refer to the Communist Party and the Social Democratic Party. The paper mainly study the experience and lessons in the development of the Communist Party and Social Democratic Party.The first international party for working class was founded with the symbol of the establishment of the Alliance of Communists partly by Marx and Engels. Since the First World War erupted, great changes have occurred to the Communist Party or Labor Party and Social Party or Social and Democratic Party, ranging from "disintegration" (Socialist Party is formally divided into the Communist Party and Social and Democratic Party during the period from the eruption of the First World War to the success of October Revolution) to "recombination" (the Communist Party-orientation among part of Social and Democratic Party after the foundation of the Communist International) and then to "another disintegration" (the large-scale Communist Party-orientation in Russia, the Middle and East Europe and West Europe since the dramatic change in " the Soviet Union and East Europe).Since the past hundred years, especially the recent ten years after the violent change in the Soviet Union and East Europe, there have been dramatic changes and fluctuations in socialist parties resulting in the phenomenon that the study on socialist parties in home and abroad has become more active and penetrating than ever before. Accordingly, the study on socialist parties has been developed in terms of both the width and depth due to the increasingly thorough research based on the practiceand theories of the experts concerned all over the world. The study on socialist parties remains the most significant in the research field, approached from different angle respectively and appearing many fruitful results deriving from case study. All this study lays emphasis on the history and the present situation of socialist parties, or on Social Party or Social Democratic Party disintegrated from socialist parties and on the relationship between the two parties. The emphasis of this paper rests on offering as subjective and distinct a description of the history of socialist parties through the survey of its history and scientific analysis of the development of communist parties anddemocratic socialist parties (the "disintegration" ---"recombination" --- "another disintegration" of the relationshipbetween the two parties) and demonstrating some law derived from the conclusion of the experience and lessons in the history of socialist parties based on the analysis, comparison of and comments on the contents ranging from their respective theory, social basis and practical results owned by the two parties. What' s more, what will be included in this paper also covers the scientific summary of the problems such as the connotation, nature, types of development and the form of practice.During the period of the turning of centuries, there are dramatic changes in international situation: socialism is at the turning point;a large part of the previous Communist Party has changed to democratic socialism;and the previous Democratic Socialist Party has approached new liberalism. With the increasing development of multi-polarization and economic globalization in the whole world, party politics has been at a new stage which offers new requirements to all parties. Under this situation, parties can influence power and politics more scientifically and efficiently only when they follow the trend, adapt to the requirements of modernization and adjust its structure and operation.Then follow the questions which deserve both conscientious and rational consideration and study: what law is followed in the development of parties? What' s the direction of the present party politics? Therefore, the study is the most meaningful and original on the relationship between two most important schools and parties in the socialist movement and the experience and lessons in the development of the two parties. Theoretically, it is helpful in pushing the theoretical construction of Marxist parties, deepening the understanding of the law of politics governed by the Communist Party and raising the consciousness and efficiency of politics-governing competence of the Communist Party;practically, it is be of guidance in strengthening the consciousness and efficiency of developing politics-governing competence so as to approach the problem of governing the power and constructing themselves on the level of law.The paper is made up of five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction in which the topic is put forward. Then it presents the status quo and significance of the thesis, research methods and route as well as the frame of the thesis.The second chapter concerns with the "disintegration" of socialist parties since the foundation of "Communist All iance" in 1847, the first working class party. The first international party for working class was founded with the symbol of the establishment of the Alliance of Communists partly by Marx and Engels. Socialist Party is formally divided into the Communist Party and Social and Democratic Party during the period from the eruption of the First World War to the success of October Revolution.The third chapter is about "recombination" of socialist parties, that is, the Communist Party-orientation among part of Social and Democratic Party after the foundation of the Communist International.This phenomenon can be attributed to many reasons: historically, this is the inevitable result of the struggle between the left school and the middle and right one among parties in terms of opportunism and revisionism in the world during the period of the Second International;from the subjective perspective, this is the overcome of the influence and interference of the Third International guided by Lenin;in addition, the division is strengthened of the left and right schools among social and democratic parties with the increasing development of revolution situation and the success of socialist career in Russia.Chapter four mainly concerns with "another disintegration" of socialist parties to conclude the experience of politics-governing and constructing of working class involved in politics in the previous Soviet Union and East Europe. Apart from that, the description is made of the present situation and the future of communist parties in the world, with the emphasis on improving the competence of the Communist Party in governing politics so as to make it follow and adapt to the trend in society.Chapter five is devoted to theoretical thoughts. The reconsideration is given to many problems in parties through the case study, that is, the study of the history and experience of socialist parties, with the purpose of the observation of nature from phenomenon. This chapter begins with the lessons should also be remembered involved in the struggle and peace in political relation and disintegration and recombination in organizational relation. Apart from that, the Communist Party should learn from and adopt the experience and implications of the history and self-construction of social and democratic party from the angle of the development of party civilization since things can be learned that have much common in all parties. In a sense, it is requisite for the Communist Party to learn from and adopt the experience of otherparty civilization in order to improve the competitive strength with other parties. On this basis, the thesis summarizes several points on how to adapt to the new historic trend and strengthen the construct of the party. In this sense, it offers theoretical and practical benefits to the study of theories of governing power, to the improvement of power-governing competence and to the construction of the politics and party for working class.What should be cleared is that the paper, although studying the history of communist parties and socialist parties, that is, the historyof disintegration---recombination---re-disintegration, does not layemphasis on the impersonal description of the historic phenomena, but on the law derived from the history and experience of the two kinds of parties with the history as its proof so as to have some theoretical consideration on the advent, development and change of party civilization with different nature. This can offer theoretical basis and be very revealing for the study of the theory of power-governing, deeper understanding of the law of power-governing by the Communist Party and the improvement of the competence of governing power of the Communist Party.