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The Contemporary Political System Changes In Chinese Ethnic Minority Villages

Posted on:2009-02-13Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:C F WuFull Text:PDF
GTID:1116360272976129Subject:Political Theory
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
The majority of Chinese ethnic minority village society political system was independent of the state's political system and retained its own characteristics before the founding of the People's Republic of China. The characteristics of Chinese ethnic minority village society political system displayed self-government, bloodiness, self-contained and customs and so on. As a result of the development of the Chinese ethnic minority village society was very unbalanced, the ethnic minority geographical distribution was dissimilar, the ethnic minority cultural and beliefs were different, the state power strength to the minority areas was unbalanced, the Chinese ethnic minority village kept within their own community organization and management system, and formed a different political system.The changes of contemporary Chinese ethnic minority village political system was the process of the state's political power extending to the ethnic minority village. Under strongly promotion of the state power, the minority village political system became identity from Multiple heterogeneous. Early of the founding of the People's Republic of China the ethnic minority village had gone through a great change on cooperatives movement and land reform. The land reform had abrogated all kinds of exploitation institutions, reallocated land, overturned the original communal social structure and established a new power structure in the ethnic minority village society.As the People's Republic of China's " the process of land reform is to build the political system", the new political power had set up a modern political organization to the ethnic minority villages, won the support of the majority of the exploited and oppressed masses ethnic minority, some of them became the loyal supporters and activists of the state power through land reform, so the state's will can be successful infiltration into the ethnic minority villages. The People's Republic of China had adopted a more moderately attitude to the ethnic minority authoritative, retained their position and power, and take a number of ways in the progress of the ethnic minority society transition, with full respect to the ethnic minority actual situation which reduced the resistance to the social transformation process in some extent. However, with the deepening of reform and the work on the ethnic minority had been erred, it emerged some aggressive and "indiscriminate" acts in the transformation which had caused some damage to the ethnic minority villages.The Chinese ethnic minority villages'political system had experienced a tortuous process on the period of the people's commune. The most important feature of the people's commune system is centralized highly and displayed government-in-one agency, the government-in-one. The people's Commune had made the majority of the farmers under its control by dominating political, economic, culture and militia forces. The Chinese ethnic minority villages'political system displayed high unity on the period people's commune; the village's traditional social and political organizations and political authority withdraw from the stage of history. The people's commune had broken the ethnic minority villages'traditional ties of blood, strengthen the individual dependence to the commune organization's and established of a new community in accordance with the geopolitical with a view to eliminate the traditional family and the clan forces. The fundamental organization of Chinese community party, government, Chinese community young pioneer, Chinese women union, militia and other political or mass organizations had extended to the ethnic minority villages, established a broad political network that took the villagers under its control. The states also continued to wage a political campaign to eliminate the traditional factors which would erase to the people's commune system in order to maintain and consolidate the people's commune system.The people's commune had suppressed individual interests and made a person subordinate to the collective, which made personal autonomy lack. On the people's commune period, the Chinese ethnic minority had been mobilized to participate in political participation; the object of political participation is also out of its own internal interests of the village, displayed a high-level political participation. The work on the ethnic minority has suffered damage. However, the Chinese community party and the government corrected some of the wrong ways, to ensure the equality, unity and common prosperity policy on the ethnic minority to continue. Chinese assistance to the ethnic minority villages in all aspects had made the ethnic minority villages'polity, economy; culture and society continuing to develop with difficulties.The state power and village social power had been adjusted in the ethnic minority areas after the implementation of contract reform in Chinese rural areas. First of all, the state power withdrawn from the areas of the economy, compared with the state power's control to the ethnic minority village society on the period of the People's Commune, the state power's focus withdrawn back to the township. The battalion and the production team paralysis as a result of lost collective economic base and the dominance of the villagers. So the ties between the state and the village occurred. At the same time, the ethnic minority villages'traditional political organization started a comeback and filled the village's political vacuum due to the party and government management system paralysis.However, had been modified repeatedly since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the power base of traditional authority in the ethnic minority villages had changed that its decline is an inevitable trend and its comeback is only a special phenomenon. The state re-established the township (town) system in the ethnic minority areas and resumed the administrative control to the ethnic minority villages. However, as Chinese democratic reform being carried forward, the villagers'self-government had been established in ethnic minority areas, the commission of villagers changed from the subordinate of the township administrative system to the organization of the villages'self-government gradually, the ethnic minority village restored its autonomy, back to the village autonomy, the relationship between the state and the village had taken a new change. As a result of the Chinese ethnic minority village's economic, political and cultural circumstances, the building of villagers'self-government was still going through a difficult stage of development.Since the beginning of 2000, the Chinese Government had being attached a great importance on the"three-dimensional rural issues", as Chinese comprehensive national strength increasing and the state's strategic changing into "Feeding agriculture through industry", that provided a good opportunity to the political development of Chinese ethnic minority villages. The social, economic and cultural development in Chinese ethnic minority areas also provided favorable conditions for the ethnic minority villages' social and political development. However, the ethnic minority villages'social and political development was also facing many difficulties, such as economic and social development in ethnic minority areas was far behind the national level, a massive outflow of capital and labor, the ethnic minority's cultures were on the brink of disappearing, the villagers'self-government system was not perfect in the ethnic minority villages and so on.The Chinese ethnic minority villages'political development should keep with economy, culture and society and it should be through an all-round development process, not just a single break. The development in ethnic minority areas was not only by virtue of their own strength but also the national help and support,"three-dimensional rural issues " involved the adjustment of the national urban and rural system, industrial and Agriculture in the national strategy, reform to the national political system, the policy on the ethnic minority and so on. From a macro-view, the development of society and economy in ethnic minority areas need the state to continue to push forward the western development strategy, get rid of the urban and rural dualistic structure, increase the benefits of agricultural policy and perfect the system of regional ethnic minority autonomy. From a meso-view, the development and perfection of political system in the ethnic minority village ultimately depending on the improvement and development of the village's economy, culture education and society, which were closely related to Chinese benefits of agricultural policy, alleviating poverty policy, reform on rural and urban political system, calling off the urban-rural dual system and the new socialist countryside construction. From a micro-view, the development and perfection of political system in the ethnic minority village ultimately depending on adjusting the relationship between the branches of Chinese Community Party and the villager's committee and improving their political system and functions, cultivating and using high-quality village cadres, enriching the grass-roots organizations, increasing the ethnic minority's culture and awareness of political participation and the ability of participation, expanding the political participation scope , using of the ethnic minority's culture.
Keywords/Search Tags:ethnic minority village, political system, reform, change, "three-dimensional rural issues", the Villager's self-government
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