A Study On The Problems In Left-behind Children In Rural Areas

The problems in Left-behind Children in rural areas are the derivatives of "Three Rural Issues" under long-standing of the urban-rural dual system in China, and the special social problems during China's industrialization and urbanization process. They have brought serious negative impact to rural schools, families and society. The study on Left-behind Children's problems is of important theoretical significance and strategic significance in promoting a new socialist countryside construction, urbanization and industrialization process, building a harmonious society.In this study, following the research ideas of "raising questions, clearing questions, revealing problems, analyzing problems, solving problems", taking the combination approach of quantitative research and qualitative analysis, based on the material obtained from the literature study and questionnaire survey, according to the related theories of multi-disciplinary in economics, sociology, education, psychology, management and other disciplines, it analyzes, demonstrates and interprets the problems in Left-behind Children in rural areas, reveals the status quo, the characteristics and harms of the problems in Left-behind Children in rural areas, explores the fundamental deep-seated causes and direct, specific reasons of the formation of Left-behind Children'problems, seeks the strategies and methods to the Left-behind Children's problems in rural areas. It explores the process of rural labor transfer and the producing of Left-behind Children from the perspective of economics, the macro-characteristics of distribution, scale and social problems of Left-behind Children in rural areas from the sociological perspective, the causes and counter-measures of Left-behind Children'psychological problems in rural areas from the psychological perspective, how family education and school education ensure the Left-behind Children'healthy growing up in rural areas at the absence of their parents from the perspective of education, and the counter-measureses and strategies of Left-behind Children's problems in rural areas from the management perspective.The survey results found that the main problems in Left-behind Children are in the aspects of family life, agent monitoring, parent-child relationship, learning, psychology, conduct and safety: (1) Family plays an important role in children's whole growth, the absence of the important members of Left-behind Children's family led to inadequate family structure and missing of function, especially the replacement of the guardian and the weakening of guardianship function led the Left-behind Children's inadaptation to the new models of family life. The ability to live independently is challenged. (2) Parent migrant workers caused the weakening of affection relationship between them and their Left-behind Children. This weakening is mainly reflected in the aspects of poor contact and communication, lack of affection exchange and spiritual communication between the parent migrant workers and their Left-behind Children. It is difficult to meet the children's psychological needs. (3) Left-behind Children are lack of parental guidance and supervision in their study. Agent guardians have less contact with their teachers, offer an inadequate supervision to the Left-behind Children. The teachers have less knowledge's about the Left-behind Children's families, and offer less supervision to the Left-behind Children. It has brought greater impact on the academic performance of Left-behind Children. There has been lax attitude toward studying, little asks for their own study, and the decline in academic performance among the children. (4) Opportunities for parent-child interaction reduce because of their parent migrants'long work. It makes family environments not to be conducive to children's mental health. A lot of Left-behind Children bear the emptiness, the sense of loss, insecurity and uncertainty. There appears anxiety of study, anxiety of the people, tendency of loneliness, self-blame tendencies, allergic tendencies, physical symptoms and impulsive tendencies, etc. among the children. Some of them in serious condition may have psychological disorders. (5) Negative changes happen in the conduct of Left-behind Children in rural areas because of lack of parental discipline, parents'model example and schools'timely guidance and constraints. Some of them are always late for school and skip class, some of them lie and fight discipline, and some of them stay together with some problem juvenile in the societies and do irregularities. The safety of Left-behind Children is left unprotected. They face abduction, indecent assault, seduction, robbery and other unlawful harm, as well as drowning, suicide and traffic accident risks, etc..From the point of view of the deep-seated root causes of Left-behind Children's problems in rural areas, the children have problems because of China's long-standing urban-rural dual economic structure and the dual household registration system, the "three rural" issues and the problems of migrant workers. From the point of view of the specific and direct causes of Left-behind Children'problems in rural areas, the children have problems because of migrant workers'family problems, guardianship problems, problems in education and management of schools, problems in rural communities, problems in the governments and the children's own problems. They will meet of a series of problems in their development, when family, school and society, alone or both or three, influence the Left-behind Children with negative impact at the same time.The Left-behind Children's problems not only hurt their own, but also produce negative impact to their families, schools, community order, as well as the economic development of China. The family, school and community should form a cohesive force in order to solve the problem of Left-behind Children, and build a child custody system by the local governments, schools, communities and families collaborated together. But this is only a temporary strategy. To fundamentally solve the problem of the children left behind in rural areas, it is necessary to solve the problem of binary economic system, the dual household registration system and its related education, employment and welfare system, which also cause the "three rural" issues and migrant workers'problems and so on. This is a fundamental strategy. In order to solve the problem of the children left behind in rural areas, it is necessary to use temporary strategies as well as permanent strategies. It is better to combine the temporary strategies with the permanent ones.