Research On Problem Of Community-based Supply Of Rural Public Services

"Three rural issues"affect greatly Chinese political stability, economic and social development. However, rural public service is the "short board" of "three rural issues". Insufficient, imbalanced and inefficient rural public service can not meet the diversified needs of rural residents. There is an obvious gap between urban and rural public service which keeps enlarging. In the social development in rural areas, the public service loss is very serious, which is not only conducive to resolve "three rural issues", but also contrary to social equity and justice. In order to achieve social development in rural areas, our party and government have taken positive measures to increase the supply of public services in rural areas and have made some success, which, however, they did not yield desirable result.The key reason is that there is problem in the supply system and mechanism of public service. Rural residents, who are the consumers of public services, lack inadequate participation and rural community does not play its role. Spreading of public service in rural community is helpful for improving the resource allocation efficiency of public service, satisfying the diversified needs of the residents, improving people's happiness index, improving the equalization of basic public service in rural and urban areas and realizing social equity and justice. It is theoretically and practically significant for breaking the plight of the supply of public service in rural areas.Using the theory of economics, this paper first analyzes the theoretical and practical basis of the rural public service. Discussing from a theoretical perspective on resource allocation of public service, it points out that there are some government failure and market failure (i.e. bipolar anomie), so that there is dilemma in the allocation of resources of public service. The community as a combination of government and market integrates community social capital and introduces it into public service supply.It can correct irregular poles of public service and promote the efficient supply of public service. Viewing from the practice, it demonstrates the existence of rural public service, explains government and market failures, analyzes the current supply of public services in rural areas by implementing the "Villagers" and "thing" and the "quasi" communities of practice. It points out that the present community is not the real community and can not correct poles anomie.Then, this paper analyzes the macroeconomic environment of public service in rural areas and the micro-conditions. Rural social, economic, political and cultural development and agriculture policy have created the macro-environment for the public service in rural communities of our country. Strong social capital in rural communities, growing community organizations, growing elite and appearance of the new farmers in rural communities provide micro-conditions for spreading public service in rural areas.This paper emphasizes the ways of spreading public service in rural communities. It suggests building up a community platform for community residents for decision-making, supervision, management, assessment, multi-stakeholder involvement, mutual restraint and mutual supervision of the operation mechanism of public service in the community, using community to integrate resources, organizations and consumers to promote equalization of public service, building up the public service community total property and remodeling community public authorities in order to facilitate the participation of rural residents and curb the "free ride" and reduce transaction costs.After conducting empirical analysis, this paper proposes the following policy recommendations in order to promote the realization of community-based public services:fostering social capital in rural communities, making well the rural community planning, mobilizing residents in rural communities to participate, strengthening the rural community construction, increasing community input, creating mechanism beneficial to community residents to mobilize because of supply of public service and dividing reasonably power boundary between the government and community.Through the research, the paper concludes that:Firstly, the community is an important means for public service resource allocation. The moral system in rural communities and community social capital play an important role in the allocation of public service. Community is the way to reduce transaction costs, break collective action dilemma, promote equalization of public service and an important way to correct public service poles anomie between the government and market and promote the efficient supply of public service. Secondly, China's rural areas have macro-and micro conditions for the spreading of the public service. Thirdly, the effective realization of public service must take community as the platform, reconstruct public service operation mechanism, use community's role of integration, use community's role of promoting the equalization of public services, build the public service community's total property and remodel community public authority. Meanwhile, in the process of spreading public service in rural communities, we should use properly the government's role and define its boundary in order to create conditions for rural Community-based public services.Community-based study of rural public service breaks the past "dichotomy", introduces "community mechanism" into allocation of resources, creates the new way of resource allocation in rural public service and. It is a breakthrough in theory. From the perspective of the equalization of public service, it is an innovation to link community-based public service with equalization of public service and to promote equalization of public service through community-based public service. It integrates community into public management, administrative science and public economics, which is able to sublimate their academic contents. It is the development of public management, administrative science and public economics. It will create certain influence in Chinese rural areas.