Research On Household Register System Changing Under The Background Of Urbanization

Since the reform and opening-up, our country's economy has developed rapidly both in the urban and the rural area. Huge amounts of people in the rural area migrate to cities. Under this kind of background, household register system becomes an important factor which restrains peasants from becoming citizens. For this reason, household register system has been a social and economic system which is under continuously reform and controversy since the reform and opening-up. The purpose of this essay is to study the household register system, its function, the reform pattern and the reform route so that the readers may have an all-aspect understanding on our household register system and also the household register system's deeper reform and development can benefit from the study.This essay discusses the history of our country's household register system, foreign household register system and our household register system reform in different areas and cities in details. This essay's opinion is that there are three obvious characteristics in our household register system reform. The first is the guide of the government. In different phases of the development, the central government and the government of each district play different roles. The second is marketability. Household register system reform has been continuously changed from planning system to marketing system since the reform and opening-up. The third is progress step by step. Our household register system reform is characterized by progress step by step for the reason of our special national conditions and the perplexity of our household register system reform.Mainly based on the theories of system change in system economics, this essay analyzes the functions and problems of our household register system and also analyzes the experiences and lessons of the household register system reform in the past. The viewpoint is that our household register system has too much welfare function which it should not have. And that is why the household register system reform is so difficult to go deep.The restrictions which the household register system reform sets for people's immigration into cities are two main aspects-house and income source. Strict method has been used to explain house and income source. This makes it impossible for the most of the workers from the rural area to become real citizens. It inhibits our country's urbanization.Since the reform and opening-up, our economy has developed rapidly. Our country has become middle-level income nation. Middle-Industrialization is changing into late-Industrialization. Urbanization is accelerating. Our country has accumulated huge amounts of social assets and come into the phase that the industry supports the agriculture and the urban area supports the rural area. Our country's ability to assume the cost of the household register system reform has been enhanced a lot. Based on the theories of system change, the viewpoint is that our country is fundamentally ready for the cancel of the restriction set by the household register system and the development of people's free migration. At the same time, along with our economy development and the economy structure change, the attitude of the main bodies of the household register system reform is changing gradually. The central and the district governments, the peasants and the citizens are all becoming supporters of the household register system reform. The reform is practicable and necessary.Because China's socialist market economic system is still in continuous improvement, and local economic development is very uneven, the deepening reform of China's household registration system should be taken step by step in-depth approach. The recent approach is mainly to lower the threshold of "settling in towns" for population migration, and the future reform is to promote freedom of movement of population. The lowering "settling in towns" threshold should be able to maximize the satisfaction of the principle that the qualified rural population can settle in towns. This paper argues that the future of China's household registration system reform on the "settling in towns" set the conditions to be taken "many conditions, low standards" approach. It means the conditions can be more, but each of the conditions set lower standards. According to this idea, the "settling in towns" conditions should be have both "housing" and "occupation" conditions at the same time, while "housing" and "occupation" interpretation should be standard as "actual possession in a period of time"."Housing":should be a certain area of housing, including large or small property houses, rented rooms, or borrowed apartments, etc., regardless of the source of housing, only consider the possibility of permanent residence. We can use property card, purchase contract, rental contract, or staying proof as the basis for long-term residence. In the reform of household registration system practice, other indirect methods of proof can also be explored, such as residence permits, a certain amount of such savings. The beginning of "housing" time should be based on the time that obtains the actual residence housing, and the living space in the house won't be done mandatory requirements. The "housing" as a "settling in towns" condition is settled by stress migration can have a place to set down."Occupation":should be an occupation that has some source of income, including employees and flexible types of units employed. Not considered professional nature of the job, only consider whether there is a certain period of time in a certain income. The occupation as another basic condition of "settling in towns" is to emphasize that those people who moved in actually work and life in local, to avoid the separation of people and registered residence, and promote the rural population's migration to urban. Prove that the "professional" approach can be labor contract, it can be business license and tax receipt (including the corporate income tax and personal income tax). The "professional" time limit should be abolished. As long as the applicant has the certificate access to jobs, they are in line with settled conditions. For the rural population settled in small towns, the "occupation" condition should be defined lower. Because the range of small town is narrow, the distance between villages and towns is short and the population transfer style that our country carries out is "amphibious" style and so on, the "occupation" condition settled in the small town settled can be all the legal professional within the scope of small towns, including those jobs engaged in agricultural production activities, not restricted the works in the town. Agriculture "occupation" can make land contract, lease, transfer contract as the basis.Household registration system, the gradual process of China's household registration system reform decides that our country's household registration system reform will go across a development road from a "planned target control" to "regulate the market conditions" and then to "unconditional freedom of movement" of the system in innovation. Therefore, the future of China's household registration system reform must be to achieve free movement of population. Achieving the goal is not an overnight thing, it needs to solve a series of problems, including legal issues, interest compensation, orderly migration, urban disease issues, land use issues and the rules of the household registration system and urban interface issues related policies and so on.According to China's national conditions and previous practical experience of the household registration system reform, the specific procedures of deepening the reform of China's household registration system should be:the government will establish a guiding and unified national reform program. This program is only a basic framework for the reform of household registration system, and it only prescribes the guidelines and basic principles of reform, the promoting timetable and so on, continue to allow every part to reform according to the actual situation. Each provinces or municipalities will select experimental units to reform, the number of experimental units should be not less than 10% of the total local cities. The provinces with better economic conditions can be as a experimental province. Based on the experience of the experimental units, our country will set the reform policies implemented in the whole country. At this stage, the national unified reform policies will become a complete and enforceable law text, and all parts and cities should strictly implement the policy by standard requirements.In the household registration system, we must also strip a variety of social welfare attached to the household registration system, implement a package of reforms, including supporting reforms in the education system, the health care system, the employment system, the social security system, the housing system, the land using system and so on. Relying on the supporting reforms of relevant system that have close relationship with the household registration system, the reform of the household registration system would be ensured to implement smoothly.This essay has breakthrough on three aspects. First, this essay analyzes the characteristics and patterns of our household register system reform with the theories of system change, has the opinion that the household register system change has three phases, studies the problem of objective and subjective impetus of the further reform based on the theory of profit and cost and thinks that it is just the time for the household register system's further reform. Second, this essay studies the conditions for entering cities of the household register system reform with the aim of push forward our urbanization and modernization. More conditions and lower standards should be the basic mode for the future reform. This essay also gives specific reform method which can be carried out step by step. Third, this essay studies the household register system change around the condition of entering the cities under the background of urbanization. The research is also including study on the reform of other relating system so that the research on household register system reform is more practical. The research will benefit our country's household register system reform both in theory and in practice.