Human-oriented Communism

Basing on the texts of Marx, the thesis studies the Communism from the angle of essence and the fundamental goal, that is to reveal the spirit of Marxism and uphold and develop Marxism better.In the past, the people understood the Communism mainly from the angle of social systems, such as public ownership, planned economy, the principle of to each according to his needs, etc. But on the other side, they neglected a fundamental aspect, which is man, as the subject and the fundamental goal. However, In the"Manifesto of the Communism Party"and"Das Kpatail", Marx said the Communism should be a"Community of Free Individuals"and should be"a form of society in which the full and free development of every individual forms the ruling principle". That is to say, the Communism is just an entity, just a social system or form, just a tool; it is the free man that is the subject and fundamental goal of Communism society. So it is the very important to explain the concept of"free man"from theory.Marx was not imagining the future society, but rather starting from the real individual. He revealed the people in the new future society through analyzing the old bourgeois society. The real individual is the living individual that produced in a social relations, of which the need is their nature. During the background of that society, the real individual is just the individual of real capitalist society, as Marx said, the alienation of the individual, occasional individual. Compared to the nature person, the alienation individual was free from the community, and gained some dependence, but on the other side, he fell into the cruel bondage and domination of his own creation-commodities currencies and capital and lost the Human dignity. While Marx gave the moral condemnation on the alienation of capitalist society, he thought that the alienation of individual is just a stage of people's development, and only discard the alienation, can the free man realize his historical generation.Marx called the ideal person of the future society the general individual,the complete individual,the real individual and the free man. But they all can be summarized as"free man"."Free man"was ever used often in the western European academic term at that time, while Marx's understanding of the words was of non-general. Marx thought that the free men is the liberation as follows: the first must be the liberation of the proletariat, and then the liberation of every body, including the liberation of capitalist, who was the salve of the capital. The free is the free of every individual, and every individual gained the human dignity. This is the unique characteristic of Marx's thought different from the Christian, humanism, utopian socialism, which embodied the lofty ideals of reality of the communism. If we want to know the words of free man, we must pay attention to the full, free and comprehensive development of the individual. That is because the full, free and comprehensive development of the individual is the content and existence of the free man, of which the fundamental goal is free individuality. The free man, liberty is the fundamental goal of Marx's Communism, which is the true meaning of Marxist and reflected the permanent vitality of Marxism.The person in the future society is the free man, but the individual can't realize the freedom by himself. If he wants to realize his freedom, he must rely on the community; rely on the community of freeman. So, on the recognition of the freeman, we need to analyze the concept of"community of free man". The community of free man is just the future communism society. Instead of the dream without foundation, Marx found the new communism world by the critique of the old capitalism world. Before the capitalist society, individual was affiliated with the community, where individuals and society there will not be free and gain full development; In the capitalist society, while the individual got out of dependence on the community, gained the individual independence, he was dominated by the abstract community such as money, capital, etc. Also the unreal community such as nation and class deprived the free development condition of the majority of people in the name of the collective. On the historical premise of the stage of the"Personal independence founded on objective dependence", in the future, the communities of free man will instead of the past false community that always limits the free development of individual, which will be a true collective and will provide conditions for free development of each individual.What really the free community is? Marx also made some imagination of principles. This is mainly"social individual system of ownership","a planned social production", distribution according to work and according to his needs, among which Marx believed that the ownership of future society is just the"social individual system of ownership", which is the unification of co-proprietorship and individual ownership. This ownership system is different from the public ownership as people generally believe. All the designation of the future society system was applied to the individual freedom. The freedom of the people is the end,"social individual system of ownership", planned social productions, distribution according to work and according to his need were all measures, which were just protection of personal freedom.Through the above analysis of future"free man"and"the community of free man", we can see that the two are inseparable and historic generation and harmony unity. Marx's communism is the real communism of which human's freedom as fundamental value idea, everyone's freedom as fundamental value target,"community of free man"as the highest social ideas. That's to say, Marx'communism is the Human-oriented Communism fundamentally.After explaining Marx's communism is Human-Oriented Communism, we should discuss how the Human-Oriented Communism formed and developed, its position in the Marxism system and its meanings and importance in order to realize Marx's Communism more completely and more accurately.In the western history, humanism, utopian socialism all pursuit the human freedom and liberation. Marx inherited this cultural tradition, continue to explore the liberation of mankind and gradually formed his own communist ideology, under the historical conditions that the establishment of the capitalist economic and political system had brought tremendous development of productive forces and trampled human dignity. From the appreciation of Hegel's rational state, to advocate democracy, to make human emancipation, Marx began to discuss the future of society, although not yet accepted the concept of communism, but the target is clear that achieving human freedom. In the "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844", Marx put forward his own communist ideology, through the deep analysis on the fact of the alienation of labor and since then he accepted the "communism" concept. But from the beginning his realization of communism is to revert to human nature and human liberation. With in-depth study of Marxist economics, Marx liquidated the former philosophy of religion, and then created the historical materialism, which made the study of communism be based on a scientific basis. In the"German Ideology", Marx and Engels revealed communism would be a true collective to ensure free development of each individual. This marked the preliminary formation of Human-Oriented Communism. On the eve of the 1848 European revolutions, Marx and Engels jointly issued the "Communist Manifesto", they used historical materialism, profoundly the law of capitalist society's production, development to extinction and pointed out that"In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all"in the"Manifesto of the Communist Party". Through it the communism core idea that the communism not only would realize the freedom, but also would realize the freedom of every individual was revealed. This marked the formal establishment of Human-Oriented Communism. After that, Marx continued to study the reality of capitalist society and political economy, enriched and developed Human-Oriented Communism. In the "Economic Manuscript of 1857-1858," Marx revealed the law of development of human society from the angle of individual freedom,that is ,the human's development is a historical process from"Relations of personal dependence"to the"Personal independence founded on objective dependence"and then to the stage of"Free individuality; In "Das Kapital", Marx of revealed the real trend to communism and conditions by the capital as leverage; In the "Critique of Gotha Program", Marx found in critical in a new, more consciously into the design of the system of communism. The Human-Oriented Communism was throughout the whole communist ideology of Marxist theory and revolutionary practice of his life.As to Marx's theory system, Lenin's three components of Marxism on communication and advocacy has played an important role. But the years of propaganda theory and research made its dogmatic, solidified, and it resulted in no overall understanding of Marxism. In fact, the study of Marxism-life theme was just why the communism may be and how the communism would be realized. Human-Oriented Communism was the core of the communist idea, other theories are unfolded around it. Historical materialism and political economy of the proletariat is to explore how possible the realization of communism. Historical materialism reveals human activities of material production and practices capability is the ultimate of human motivation and social development, and promote the development of human society, from junior to senior, till the communism,"a higher form of society, in which the full and free development of every individual forms the ruling principle"The great revolution in the role of Marxist philosophy is not only to interpret the world, more importantly, to change the world. When the history relations and social conditions are ripe, the real person require to make real-world revolutionary, opening the way for human liberation. Political economy of Proletariat is the scientific results when Marx analyzed the capitalist mode of production, using the historical materialism, which revealed the trend of capitalist development, foreshadowed the coming of communism. Historical materialism and political economy of the proletariat in essence is the same. The two were both about the liberation of the proletariat and human..Marx connected the human's freedom and liberation with the most basic human survival. Only thinking in this way, freedom becomes the principle of human existence, as an end in itself, and a real possibility. This was Marx's philosophy and economics inherent common sense, which was also unique feature of Marxism.Theory of proletarian revolution and socialist construction is to explore how to achieve the realization of communism. The proletariat had a historical mission of liberating all the people, who was launched and organized by his party the Communist Party to carry out the proletarian revolution to seize political power and build the economic and political culture, of which the end goal was to establish a communist society, and liberate all the people and prepare condition for each individual's freedom.Above all, we can see that the main line of Marx academic life is the Human-Oriented Communism in which the freeman and the community of freeman were united. Human-Oriented Communism was the core idea of Marxism .Marxism is such a theory in which Human-Oriented Communism was the core idea of the communist, proletarian revolution and socialist construction were the real roads and tools for the realization of communism, historical materialism and political economy of the proletariat were theory basic and tools for the demonstration of the proletariat and people's liberation. Thus, Marxism was a whole.It may be an updated perspective to demonstrate and understand the communism of Marx from the angle of Human-Oriented Communism, which can help better understand the value and vitality of Marxist communism. This is mainly reflected in its theoretical and practical significance. In theory, the Human-Oriented Communism also highlighted the human, especially the individual's basic position in the Marxism, which restored the true Marxist, helped to better define the Marxism proposition in the Western and Human Thought History. In practice, Human-Oriented Communism not only pointed out the value objectives and political direction, but also provided a value standard for Communist countries. Why the Soviet Union and East European socialist countries came to the drastic changes? Fundamentally speaking, it was long-term loss on the person's care and respect, concentration of power created by the system; it was against Marx's basic principle of "each individual's full and free development". For China, although it met a big setback when dealing with human development and social development issues when it was founded. But after the reform and open-side, the traditional rigid structure and mode was broken, the recognition of people's subjectivity was confirmed, constantly liberation and development of people was made, and people's fundamental interests was respected, thus mobilizing the enthusiasm of people and made achievements that attracted worldwide attention, and the new people-oriented governance idea was a return to the Human-Oriented Communism of Marx. Against the background of globalization, the history requires the party and the government more consciously takes the Human-Oriented Communism as the guide theory, take the people oriented and promote the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We will develop the productive forces with capital, while always insisting on the idea that the fundamental goal of development is the development of human himself. We will "re-establishment of individual ownership" by virtue of shareholding to provide full financial security for the free development of each individual. We will build service-oriented government to satisfy people's increasing material and cultural needs, to promote the economic, political, and cultural interests, to promote the full and free development of man, by the greatest extent, of which the ultimate goal is to make each individual become a free and dignified person.