Three Dimensions Of Marx's Thought Of Community Of Free Individuals

The community of free individuals is a Marx's imagine of the future social model.It's important in Marx's theory.This article abstracts six features of the community of free individuals from different periods of Marx's works and Marx insisted all these features in different periods.I generalize these features to three points.The first dimension is the productivity.The foundation of the community of free individuals is a high developed productivity.Human labor has the natural necessity.Human have to work to get the material means of subsistence.And the more time human spend in the work,the less free time human have.The free time is the space that human can develop themselves.So the high developed productivity is necessary to get the more free time.But in a capital society,a high developed productivity only makes the capitalists exploit more surplus labor time of workers.So,besides the high developed productivity,there must be more guarantee to make the people free.The second dimension is the relations of production.It includes state problem,economy problem and social production problem.About the state problem,the human society can divided into different classes and the different classed always under a relationship of opposition.The state is always the tools of the ruler class to rule the other class and it's a visional community.But the rulers want to maintain their dominant position,so the state also has the function of social management.These are two levels of the state.And the extinction of states means that the dominant function of the state disappeared and the function of social management is transferred to the society.About the economy problem,Marx holds that in the community of free individuals,the means of production belong to everyone in the community and the means of subsistence must be distributed among the members in the community.In Marx's opinion,the public ownership of means of production is the historical necessity.Only the public ownership of means of production can avoid the exploitation of surplus labor time.The total production must be distributed among the community members by their needs.Because of the public ownership of the means of production,the community has to control the process of social production.Marx thought that only if the community control the process of social production,human can strip off its mystical veil.The third dimension is the individual.The starting point of the community of free individuals is the realistic individual.The individual which thinkers before Marx said is abstract individual.Marx criticized this abstract individual and thought the realistic individual had four features:the individual who has life;the individual who do material production;the individual who is in the society;the individual who is in the social relationship.Marx thought the goal of the realistic individual was to develop human energy.Only in the community of free individuals,the free and complete development of human energy can be realized.The community is the guarantee of the development of human energy,and the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.The individual and the community are unified in Marx's theory of the community of free individuals.