On The Management System Of Home Care Service For China's Urban Elderly

In current society, along with the intensification of the pace of life of young people, the acceleration of cross-region employment, the changes in lifestyle, the implementation of one-child policy and miniaturization of traditional family structure, the elderly care has become a highlighted social problem. As the aging of population in China is ahead of its economic and social modernization, the social accumulation for the elderly care service is very limited, and elderly care infrastructure construction and relevant service can't keep up with the increasing demand for elderly care, care for the aged has become an urgent and serious problem which needs to be solved in social security work for the aged people. In China, individuals, families and communities haven't been taken into account and been integrated into aged care system as a policy measurement unit, which results in the absence or inadequacy in the supporting policies at these three basic levels. The starting point of this paper is that we should take the aged care as a systematic project, focusing on motivating the enthusiasm of all sectors and units in society to solve this problem together.Firstly, we shall review the relevant and basic theories in order to lay a solid theoretical foundation for follow-up analysis; secondly, on the demand of aged care service in urban China, we shall analyze the concept, characteristics and problems of China aging, as well as the characteristics, content and cost of the demand for aged care services; lastly we shall forecast the total demand of the aged care service among China's urban elderly population. The third section is the focal point of this paper which involves the construction of the aged care service management system in urban China on four aspects: organizational system, layout system, operative system and monitoring system.In organizational system construction of aged care service, we point out that the government is the organizer of aged care service system, therefore, it should accomplish the following respects: 1) as for designing organizational levels, the impetus and guidance of government are the initial driving force for the aged care service, which covers all the links and processes of organizing, layout, operation and monitoring. We need to establish an effective and efficient leading institution-----the National Working Committee for the Aged, as well as the service management systems, which is guided by the National Working Committee for the Aged, executed by the community, and has multiple participants. 2) In the improvement of the laws and regulations of aged care service, we should push the legal system construction of social security for the aged, clear the legal status of the elderly care service, and establish the elderly interest demand channel, so as to seek administrative, legal and other supports for the aged. 3) In the formulation of the incentive policy for the aged care service, we should establish encouraging policies and measures for various organizations, enterprises and individuals to engage in the aged services, and to absorb social donation. 4) In the establishment of the organizational system for the aged care service, on one hand, we should strengthen the welfare pension and construction of governmental purchase, on the other hand, we should establish the service system which will cultivate and develop the social organizations and volunteers for the aged care service, and organize the community to accelerate socialization and industrialization of the aged care service.In the construction of the layout system of the elderly care service, we should carry out from four dimensions: the state, communities, institutions and the aged. 1) In establishment of the construction layout for the aged care service system, the state has to specially formulate the long-term development layout for the aged care service system construction; bring the aged service system construction into the national economic and social development program, the equalization of fundamental public service, and the governmental incentive evaluation indicator system. 2) In capital investment layout for the aged care service, the government should ensure the capital demand of aged care service especially at the institutional level; form fixed ratio and increasing mechanism in financial expenditure; and step up efforts of subsidies to purchase services for the aged, and to relieve the contradiction between the increasingly urgent demand of the aged services and the insufficient institutional resources; the government also should establish and consummate the multi-channel capital investment mechanism. 3) In the aged care services infrastructure and construction of aged care institution, they can be divided into two categories: professional aged care agencies and the community elderly care service; we should plan to construct the aged daytime service center, community health center and other services implementation according to the population scale and service radius. 4) In personnel training plan for the aged care service, the aged care service office which acts as the governing unit of the aged care service vocational training, should rationalize the service vocational training admittance system, designate the leadership of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Health, and the Labor Department; and allow enterprises register the profit-making aged care service vocational training in industrial and commercial administration, to make the aged care service vocational training tend to marketization.In the construction of operative system on the aged care service, 1) in the system of social security, the government should guarantee the aged care service system run smoothly on the aspects of policy support, financial subsidies, pension security, health security and long-term care insurance for the aged; 2) in the operation mode for the aged care service, the National Working Committee for the aged should be responsible for the coordination among each department; and monitor relevant functional departments to clear their own duties, make plans respectively, and cooperate whole heartedly, to support the aged care service from different aspects. Government should give the promoted public service content by means of program to street, community or folk organization to operate; form an effective dovetailing mechanism of public service system among the government functional departments, community and non-governmental organizations. Meanwhile communities, on one hand, should accept the commission of government, and issue the aged care service information to the community, in order to accelerate the establishment and implementation of services facilities'hierarchical management, strengthen the standard management and operation of every service item, carry out the government subsidies for the aged care service, etc. On the other hand, community should link the numerous aged in community, and bridge the communication between service providers and the aged service objects, to effectively ensure the supply and demand docking and the quality management. 3) To establish and consummate the technical supporting system, formulate unified service content procedure, quality standards; establish the community aged service intelligent information network system, and the community aged medical and health service system, and establish service network system for the community home based care service.In the construction of monitoring system of aged care service, 1) we should probe, establish the monitoring and evaluation mechanism, and engage intermediary organizations or professional institutions as third-party, to monitor the implementation of the support policies for the aged home care, and the effect of funds use of the government and the society; 2) to establish the entry qualification and operation evaluation system to aged care service institution, with a rigorous and standard system which can disqualify the incompetent aged care service institutions while praise and reward the outstanding institutions of their excellent performance in assessment; 3) finally, strengthen the construction on certification of staffs in aged care service and assessing system of aged care service quality.In the fourth part, we take Changchun City as an example; discuss the aged care service management system construction of organizational, layout, operative and monitoring system.This paper carries on study and construction on the management system of aged care service entirely and systematically; constructs the organizational, layout, operative and monitoring system of aged care service, from the perspectives of the law, policy, structure, etc; in order to mobilize social incentive and the enthusiasm of each respect, invest all the social resources into home care service. We should make the system operate well by means of the governmental organization to improve social harmony and stability and promote employment thus achieve the purpose of tangibly improving the living standard and gaining dignity for old people.