Power Structure Perspective Of Community Participation In Tourism Research

The main contradiction embodied in tourism land acquisition and distribution of interests between different subjects in the process of the disputes and conflicts of China's rural tourism community participation. The above contradiction, the power is the decisive factor. Community participation in essence is a political process, and the power problem will undoubtedly is the nature of the problem in the process of the country community participation in tourism development. This paper from the study of the micro village, through to the Beijing suburbs M village and S village in two villages tourism events text description, from the perspective of power structure look into community participation in tourism in various contradictions and conflicts, Through the text description and the theoretical analysis of game interaction between power subjects in tourism events, extracts power influence factors of community participation in tourism, and And from the perspective of power structure put forward to the path of solving the contradiction and conflict, and puts forward some theory thinking.From state-society power structure perspective, this paper to tourism the land expropriation of Beijing suburbs in the village M event as a case study, from the government and the villagers two power subjects, The Study On features of two power subjects participation in tourism power in the process of land requisition event,its specific characteristics including:The first,From the participation in a strategy effectiveness,local governments in high efficiency strategy, basically reaching to acquire land resources purpose. And for the villagers to their participation in strategy low effectiveness, although it obtains some progress, but not for now achieve the villagers want purpose;The second, from the initiative of both sides in process of participation, local governments basically is active. For the villagers, it basically is relatively passive participation, participating process can sometimes master some initiative, but was eventually local government "Use force to quell. The third,from balance of power of both parties, The cost of an agreement, and the relationship between the village cadres tightly, local government is in a powerful position, mobilization ability is strong, The cost of an agreement is low, and got the village cadres In the work close cooperation. And the villagers are at a disadvantage, mobilization ability is weak, and the basic unit government bargaining room is small, and the relationship with village cadres loose.The fourth, from participation logic and participate dilemma, local government in the logic is both promote the good will of the local development, and the is faced with objective reality pressure. Because the land expropriation of government in the event to villagers all kinds of misconduct, Resulted in justice lack of approval of local government public power.And The villagers participate in the logic of events is mainly based on the drive of the reality interests, the survival of the pressure and "gas" push, And in the logic of the events is mainly based on interests drive of the reality, the pressure of the survival and "gas" push, and facing "security dilemma" of retaliation of the local government and political "legitimacy dilemma".From the community internal power structure perspective, this paper to tourism scenic spots disputes of Beijing suburbs in the village S event as a case study, From institution elite in village, non-institution elite and ordinary villagers three subject of power, Looked at two natural village disputes between the scenic spot triple power subjects in the process of participation in tourism the characteristics, its specific characteristics including, the first,from a strategy effectiveness and initiative in the participation all parties involved, nstitution elite and high and fierce the nstitution elite in high efficiency strategy, Strong Initiative, basiclly reached its intended purpose, Weak non-institution elite strategy validity is not high, or active or passive participation in the event, in part to achieve the expected purpose, the effectiveness of ordinary villagers participate in low efficiency, in process of participatethe on the whole are passive, but also have certain initiative, the second,From the power contrast and the consistency of the interests of the parties involved, according to non-institution elite heterogeneity, presents on the whole up strong—centre strong—down weak type, and in process of participate interests of all parties in the process does not agree, there is opposition or conflict; the third, from logic of all parties of the participation, institution elite mainly come from drive of the village scenic resources, non-institution elite mainly affected by self value realization, interests and oppression response drive, and ordinary villagers affected by interests,"gas" and the survival ethics drive, the fourth, from participation in dilemma and village cadres scenic area control institutional guarantee, institution elite also faces legitimacy crisis between role of master and agent, non-institution is facing elite "olson dilemma","security dilemma" and dilemma of self value realization, Ordinary villagers are facing "power interests nets","legitimacy" and "security" multiple difficulties. In addition, facing the power crisis, village cadres maintain legitimacy foundation of power that is using the electoral system and rural village cadres internal benefit asylum nets.In the M village events, Power influence factors of predicament and the conflict in the participation all parties involved including national land law policy absence,local government to village land resources government intervention control is stronger, and the lack of public power in the village. To solve the main path in the conflict and participate dilemma is perfection of the national land law policy. That is, perfect the rural land contracting property rights system, strictly define the scope of public land, improve land acquisition program and " Strong county, Weak township, Entity village"the whole design of level3regime reform. Power influence factors of predicament and the conflict in the participation all parties involved including the village power structure extra version, the village power structure low stability, and the low effectiveness of the power structure village, To solve the main path in the conflict and participate dilemma is The reconstruction of the community memory and development of social capital,the specific operation idea is digging and mining and the reconstruction of historical culture of villages, Two is to pay attention to the local practicality of, three is to improve the villagers of social action relevance. Two is to pay attention to practicality of village rules, three is to improve social action relevance of villagers.The basis of analysis In M village and S villages of the suburbs of Beijing, this paper, from the perspective of the theory in the two aspects one is discussed community participation in tourism characteristic under the perspective of power structure, based on comparison with tourism stakeholder theory, put forward the strategy of community participation in tourism is a power operation process, the logic of community participation in tourism is actually mixed push of the benefit, system and ethical elements, the plight of community participation in tourism and conflict between the essence the power structure properties. The plight of community participation in tourism and opposition conflict essentially described the power structure properties. And path of expounds ability to increase participation in tourism of villages with respect to theory, mainly in the analysis of based on the western tourism empowerment theory, puts forward to realize the real community empowerment, can try to path with the combination of " Strong county, Weak township, Entity village" government reform and social capital within the community.