Tang And Song Official System Research

Guiding by historical materialism, this article makes comprehensive use of multi-subjects such as histories, education science, social science, politics and cultural science during the research and makes a thorough investigation and analysis on the system for establishing an official school in Tang and Song Dynasties as well as the management organizations, system regulating teachers, system regulating students, teaching and education system and fund security system, with the attempt to show the achievements, characteristics and problems of the official schools in Tang and Song Dynasties on their course of progressing and advancement. This article is made up two parts as of the part of introduction and the part of the text.In the part of introduction, the writer has defined the proposition of the essay and commented on the research on Tang and Song Dynasties' official schooling system by the critic learned field , then briefly introduced the method, theoretical basis and basic thesis the writer has adopted during the research, and introduced the practical significance for reference of this proposition.The text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter talks about the established systems and their management organizations of Tang and Song Dynasties' official schooling system. This chapter is divided into two parts. Part 1 recalls in a thorough way the establishment of Tang and Song Dynasties' official schools from the historical origin, describing and analyzing the subordinating departments of the central and local official schools, the type and the cause for their progress and advancement, thus further pointing out that the school majoring in classics have been in the leading position, schools of other types have been in the discarding and changeable status and the declination of the status of the National School and the cause. Part 2 emphasizes on the statement of the administrative organs of Tang and Song Dynasties. It mainly investigates on the central official administrative organs of Tang and Song Dynasties-the establishment of Department of Li, National schools and Imperial Clan Administration Department and their administrative functions; localofficial administrative organs-the administration on official schooling system by local administrative officials and the establishment of Teaching Affairs Administrative Department and its functions, and further discloses the motivation for expanding the administrative functions of the central administrative organs in Tang and Song Dynasties. The expansion of National school's function, which had partially replaced the functions of the Department of Li and the strengthening of local official management, thanks to the establishment of Education Promotion Department and the multi-functions it had. It shows that the Education Promotion Department established in North Song Dynasty has three functions as supervision, examination and feeding back the proposals, which is the renovation of local education management system in ancient China and has profound and significant affect.Chapter 2 talks about the system regulating teachers in Tang and Song official schooling system, emphasizing on the statement on the constitution of the official teaching staff, the selection of teachers to be employed and the construction of the teaching staff in service, specifying the gradual strengthening and normalization of the teaching staff from Tang Dynasty to North Song Dynasty. It also reveals the registration system from Tang to North Song. In the admission system, the writer of this article states that the restriction of class of the official students had been gradually loosened and the emphasis was transmitted from the class and identification to the morality and quality of the students from Tang to North Song, by way of comparison of the restriction on admission quality and admission formalities in Tang and North Song Dynasties. As to the registered students, the writer attempts to describe the strengthening of the administration on the students and the expansion...