Organizations To Participate In The Power And Missing Off The Bench,

The thesis mainly concerns that abcent the large lineages(massive and powerful consanguinities) ,a local society how to run. However what kinds of power organize it actually.Since Lin yaohua ,D.Kulp,and M.Freedman researched the Chinese lineage ,it has become a very important topic for Chinese and foreign anthropologists ohserving the Chinese society. The reason of its form, the structure and function of it ,etc have been studied based on the experience of southern China. But the conclusion on the basis of that case can not contain the whole national condition, because of the vast differences of areas. Some scholars have already apperceived this kind of difference, in the north of China, there is another kind of social scene. Relatively, lineage in the North china is much smaller in the size than in the South china, although few of big lineages are distributed. Its external symbols (just like shared assets, ancestral grave , genealogy , ancestral hall and lineage tree ) are not so obvious and outstanding either. And its role in community is not dominitive.In my field named Guanzhong area of Shaanxi (in the middle part of the Shaanxi). Qinhui (historian ,1993, 1996)who studies on this area has already drawn a basic conclusion, that is the class polarization here is not so obvious in history. The owner-peasant is the main body of the society, and accordingly the lineage power is not active on the local stage.Then in the society lacking of the big lineage, what organize it to work? This thesis intents to perspect it from "irrigating society " onGuanzhong area.In the numerous irrigation systems of Guanzhong area, the author has studied two typical river systems, named Jinghui canal and Qinghui canal . Generally people call the former "officer's canal ", the latter " the civilian canal ".No matter the construction business or the management business of Jinghui canal, the local government is playing a leading role all the time. But in some periods, its rock-bottern management relies on the civilian organization called "water-elder organization ". It is the united irrigation organization which spans the regions that the leading factor of Qinghui canal is organized. In addition, religious organizations are involved in the folk water activity deeply too. Non-governmental recreational organization called shehuo (folk art performance given on traditional or religious festivals ) is playing a role in local water conservancy management symbolically too.Regard " irrigating society " of Guanzhong area as the case, this thesis has discussed two comparatively important questions in the conclusion part. Firstly, proposing " anthropological observation of two kinds of modes of the Hans rural society clearly, namely the mode of " lineage village " and mode of " Non- lineage village ".So as to realize the complexity of rural society of China from beyond kinship again. Secondly, intending to set up a frame of explanation of diversified rural society of China, namely the theme of this thesis" absence of the participation strength of organization , what will substitute it".