Research On The Discipline And Speciality Structure Adjustment In Higher Educational Institutions

The essence of the higher education is the speciality education. The education and teaching of the higher educational institutions are all unfolded around the discipline and speciality, therefore great importance has been attached to the issues concerning discipline and speciality though in different countries and different times. The in-depth researches on this topic, analyzing discipline and speciality structure and finding out the rules governing its adjustment, are not only helpful to enrich the relational theory researches, but also with significant practical meanings to the higher education reforms in our nation.The research in this dissertation mainly includes three parts. Part one is the history study, which analyzes the formation and development of the discipline and speciality education. Part two is the compare study, compressing a comparative study on the discipline and speciality structure and its adjustment in the higher educational institutions of foreign countries such as U.S.A, U.K, Japan, Russia and etc. Part three is the analysis of the actual situations in our country, emphasizing the investigations on the problems existing in the discipline and speciality structure and its adjustment of our higher educational institutions nowadays. Moreover the dissertation puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to the problems. At the same time, the dissertation invests great efforts on the theoretic analysis on the discipline and speciality structure and the rules governing its adjustment in the higher educational institutions on the basis of history, compare and situation study.The opinion of the dissertation is that though the adjustment of discipline and speciality structure in the higher educational institutions is a quite practical work, the rules can be found in the process, i.e., the development of the discipline and speciality structure is influenced by the complex factors of social politics, economy, technology, culture and education, and is the reflection of the changes of social development. Therefore, the key of the discipline and speciality structure and its adjustment is to accommodate the requirements of the social development, in addition this accommodation shall be an active and positive adaptation instead of a passive and negative one. This adaptation realizes the higher educational institutions'functions of satisfying the social requirements, even more important, leading and promoting the social development.The discipline and speciality structure of our higher educational institutions and its adjustment have always been a vital part in the development of the higher education reforms. In this aspect, our nation has already achieved some good results, however there are still many problems, especially in the aspect of actively adapting to social requirements. This dissertation takes the viewpoint that in order to solve the problems in this field in deed, the higher educational institutions must establish the concept and mechanism of active adaptation to the social development; the Government should employ macro regulate and control instead of direct administration intervention, and expand the authority of the higher educational institutions in discipline and speciality setting and adjustment. Only in this way, our nation's higher educational institutions could really exert their initiative and enthusiasm to create their own characteristic and high quality.