| Population is the first issues of sustainable development, which has aroused people growing concern. Handle correctly the relationship between population, resources, environmental and the development of socio-economic, and take the road of sustainable development has become the strongest voice of the times. As an important factor of sustainable development, the population spatial structure research is of great significance. In recent years, more and more studies on population problems appeared, study on spatial structure of population has been an important facet of population study. China is a mountainous country; the utilization and development of mountain resources, and environmental protection have occupied a very important position in China's strategy of sustainable development. However, the mountain environments has its own particular, which makes its spatial distribution of population have a number of problems that incompatible with sustainable development , These problems intertwined with excessive population, lower quality and unreasonable demographic structure, have caused unbearable pressure and tremendous damage to limited resources and fragile ecological environment of mountain Therefore, Searching the coordinated development process between population and environment ,take effective measures to alleviate population pressure of mountain area, and achieve a reasonable distribution of the population of mountain area is a key task.Guizhou Province, a province with many ethnic groups on the eastern section of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in southwestern China, has an area of more than 176,100 square kilometers. It is situated 103° 37-109° 32' east longitude and 24° 37-29° 13' north latitude. Owing to folds, faults and erosion, the plateau is intersected with mountains, hills, basins and valleys, giving it a very rugged topography. In many areas, limestone is found with numerous caverns and underground streams. As wide distribution of naked, semi-naked Karst rocks, Formed the most typical fragile ecological environment, which seriously constrained its economic development rapidly and healthy, and has generated a number of critical population issues, environmental issues and economic issues For example: serious overloading of population, low quality, destroying forests and grasslands, steep planting, soil erosion and desertification, and so on. Various causes have led to the threatened survive of some localities population. This phenomenon has a representative in the Karst poverty region of nation and the world.On the basis of the document and data analysis ,according to theories of geography, demographics and other relevant theory ,with methods of model and technology of Geography Information System. Theory discussion and case analysis on the relations between population spatial structure and sustainable development in Guizhou Plateau Mountain, on the basis of wholly grasping the existing problem between Guizhou population spatial structure and sustainable development, the paper quantitatively analyzes the condition of population spatial structure of Guizhou Province from two aspects of time sequence and spatial divergence .And from main factors influencing the population spatial structure of Guizhou Province, the paper discusses its rationality, in order to reveal the characteristics and laws that environment deterioration and impoverishment of the population in the Karst mountain. And put forward measure how to solve the geographical distribution of population through policy guidance and restructuring, to achieving mutual coordination between population, resources, environment and economic development in the Plateau Mountain.To achieve the above objective, the paper is divided into two parts: the first and the second chapter is theoretical basis. It mainly includes the background of this study and significance of topics and related theoretical issues, and necessity of this study, analysis methods and ideas. And on the basis of the document analysis, we propose that the study on space structure of population and sustainable development is equally important with the one on population growth and sustainable development, then through the introduction of relative concept and theory ,we propose two regional levels of this paper :the first one ,we think region is a poly regional system including society ,economy, resource, environment, population and so on; the second one ,it is a concrete region in this paper ,we propose that administrative area is basic on studying sustainable development and carrying out sustainable development strategy .Finally, after making clear the status and function of population in regional sustainable development system, the theory analysis about the relations and mechanism of regional population spatial structure and sustainable development. From the beginning of the third chapter, on the basis of grasp of wholly grasping population development of Guizhou Province, the chapter study their populations space structure. And from main factors influencing the population spatial structure, the chapter quantitatively analyzes the relations between population spatial structure and sustainable development from two aspects of static and dynamic, intended to explore reasonable population spatial structure in Guizhou Province, and provide measures on promotion of regional sustainable development. Specific details as follows:The third parties: Focus on the status features of space of population size and its quality on the basis of elaborating the history of Guizhou population development; and some outstanding problems have been detailed analyzed.The fourth parties: From the static point of view, have quantitatively analyzed the relationship between Guizhou population spatial structure and natural environment, economic development, which will help identify law of these factors that influence Guizhou population spatial structure, On this basis, we explore reasonable problem of the current population spatial structure of Guizhou.The fifth parties: From the perspective of historical development, the evolving process of population spatial structure in the Guizhou Plateau has been analyzed , on this basis, we further study the center and concentrated index of population distribution so as to describe the historical features of population spatial structure and its laws.The sixth parties: Using census data of Guizhou Province in 1990, 2000 and 2005 ,and other statistical data, with modeling methods and the use of GIS technology, to further quantitative analyze the change of population spatial structure in accordance with population growth, age, sex and other quality attributes, which helped to understand the movement of these population attributes.The seventh parties: From the dynamic approach to study the relationship between population spatial structure and natural environment, economic development, then on the basis of regional division of Guizhou, to study the dynamic process of there factors in different regions.The eighth parties: From the perspective of time and space, we have analyzed the level of urbanization development, and coordination problems of urbanization and economic development, which shows there is some correlation between urbanization and level of economic development. On this basis, According to the characteristics of natural environment in Guizhou, a more detailed exploration about model of its urbanization development has been given under the conditions of mountain environment.The ninth parties: Using the census data of Guizhou Province in 2000 and 2005, we quantitatively analyze the status of population migration and mobility space structure, property of immigration, cause, flow direction and etc. Then theoretical analyze the mechanism of migration in the plateau mountain by use of related demographic theory. And using correlation analysis to study the relationship between Migration population and Social environmental factors, It will help us identify the main factors which affect spatial structure of migration. Finally, further discussion about impoverishment in the plateau mountain has been analyzed. The results show migration is one of the effective ways to the elimination of poverty-stricken population in mountain.The tenth parties: Have detailed analyzed the relevant problem about the transfer of population (laborers) in Guizhou Plateau Mountain , and put forward the idea and measure how to promote the gradient transfer of the mountains population in Guizhou in order to achieve a reasonable distribution of structure by use of population gradient transfer theory.The eleventh parties is main conclusion.At present, Under macroeconomic background of the implementation of Western development strategy, it is of great significance to analyze the relationship between population spatial structure and sustainable development in the mountain area of Guizhou Plateau, which will promote the development and conversion process of mountain resources, and reasonable control the serious imbalance contradictions between its population spatial structure and ecological environment, and even achieving goals of eradication of poverty and sustainable development in the 21st Century.
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