Research On The Educational Exchanges Between China And Japan Since 1972

Since the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations in 1972, the educational exchanges between China and Japan have been an indispensable part of history, and are also an important component of Sino-Japanese relations. This dissertation focuses on the educational exchanges launched by Japanese government and explores their background, implementation and effects, problems and future development trends in the context of the long history of Sino-Japanese relations.Since the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations equality and mutual benefit is the most notable feature of educational exchanges launched by Japanese government. Historically, the Japanese government started educational exchanges with China with worship and conquest in mind. In ancient times, Japan carried out educational exchanges with China in the capacity of a Vassal State. It worshiped the advanced culture of ancient China and sent students and bonzes to China to study it on a full scale. Thus the first climax of educational exchanges with China emerged. Based on the Chinese culture it absorbed, Japan created prosperous feudal civilization of strong ethnic characteristics and cultural traditions. In modern times, with its worship of power Japan adopted the strategy of separating from Asia and joining Europe. After Meiji Restoration, its national strength grew rapidly which enabled Japan to get a place in the world capitalist powers soon. Since then, Japan began its attempt to conquer increasingly frail China. Driven by such ambition, Japanese government initiated educational exchanges with China, which brought about the second educational exchange climax in the late 19th century and early 20th century. But in the wake of an ambitious expansion, Japanese government resorted to educational exchanges as a tool of its military expansion. Eventually Japanese education aggression toward China embarked on a road of no return.After the Sino-Japanese War, i.e. and the Second World War, Japanese militarism and conquest ambition suffered a devastating blow. Influenced by the international situation, China's rapid growth, the Sino-Japanese non-governmental forces and other elements, Japanese government had to change its previous mentality and was forced to re-position its educational exchanges with China. In 1972, the governments of China and Japan jointly issued a "Joint Statement", normalizing their diplomatic relation. From then on, the two countries started their truly equal footing. Modern Japanese government oriented its education exchanges with China towards equality and mutual benefit and rapidly developed various favorable policies and measures. Japanese government's educational exchange with China was mainly administered by The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan and The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.First, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan is the highest administrative organ of Japanese education. The contemporary Japanese government's exchange programs led by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan includes exchanging student with China and organizing academic and educational exchanges activities by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. In the end of the 1980s, under the influence of the international environment and variety of "push" and "pull" forces by China and Japan, Japanese government's acceptance of Chinese students reached the second climax. The comparative analysis on Japanese government's large-scale acceptance of Chinese students in two different times reveals a number of similarities and dissimilarities. Objectively contemporary Japanese government's acceptance of Chinese students helped train talents for China and exerted a positive impact on the two countries. By agreement or non-agreement with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Education and other relevant agencies Japan Society for the Promotion of Science carried out extensive academic exchanges in education, enhancing the academic level of the two countries and promoting the internationalization of higher education, but also exposing the limitations of such cooperation.The educational exchanges with China led by The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan mainly aims at a more direct line with the government to achieve its goal of being a political power and implementing its strategy of expanding its international influence. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan is the authority of formulating and implementing Japanese foreign policies. A considerable part of its policies towards China is related to education, which mainly consists of the educational exchanges with China by Japan Foundation affiliated with The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, Project "JET" (The Japan Exchange and Teaching Program) , and Project "ODA" (Official Development Assistance) . The educational exchanges with China led by The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to a certain extent, play an important role in the development of Chinese education. But their purpose of serving Japanese diplomacy is stamped with the brand of political diplomacy in the educational exchanges. Therefore, being influenced by political factors is a notable feature of educational exchanges with China led by The Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It is precisely for this reason that successes and embarrassments co-exist. Problems of "Language Students" and "Overseas Students Education" arise in the educational exchanges. With the increasing exchanges in a broader scope, the "affinity index" of Chinese and Japanese people on each other's government decreases and some strange phenomena such as the "anti-Japan" Paradox also come into being. The analysis on the impact and problems of Japanese educational exchange towards China suggests that 30-year educational exchange objectively promotes the development in social, economic, cultural and other fields in both , raises the level of internationalization in education, and meanwhile plays a positive role in developing Sino-Japanese relations. Since the normalization of diplomatic relations in 1972 the Japanese government is undertaking educational exchanges on the basis of equality and reciprocity in a progressive way forward. It is in Japan's own interests to promote its foreign policy of cultural services. It also meets the demands of China to achieve modernization. Both the governments are in the mutual efforts of moving forward. However, due to various institutional deficiencies, the drawbacks of Japanese culture in itself, and some political and diplomatic missions assigned by the Japanese government, the role of educational exchanges are affected. It is expected that the Japanese government will further expand its educational exchanges with China, but more "cooperation" in the way. However, the Japanese government should return to the original function of educational exchanges as well. Only in this way can Sino-Japanese good-neighborly friendship and mutually beneficial strategic relationship be achieved.