Specification And Freedom

Strengthening the research of teaching system is the intrinsic need for riching the research of teaching theory and giving impetus to the development of the teaching theory. It is the need for revealing and analysing the current practice puzzle of the teaching system. It is also the urgent need for promoting the reconstruction of the teaching system under the new curriculum idea.The system itself stems from the need of restrainting human nature and is one kind of standard category essentially. The teaching system is the institutional arrangements of the teaching life and is a set of universal, stable regular system for regulating teaching activities. The good teaching system can guarantee the smooth teaching activity according to the anticipated direction. Being one special type of system and being same with the common social economic, political system, the teaching system is one kind of standard system. But the difference between them is also quite obvious. The nurturing nature of the teaching activities decides the teaching system quite difference with other social system. Whether a system has the qualifications to be called a teaching system is decided by the teaching characteristic. If we want to understand the nature of the teaching system, we must study the scientific nature, the ethicality and the cultural conditionality of the teaching system. Certainly, the complete teaching system system is constituted by many essential factors and the core one is"the teaching rule". In the school situation, there are formal and unformal teaching rules. The formal ones are mainly manifested in the teaching convention and the classroom convention of the school and the unformal ones are mainly manifested in the teacher's teaching custom, the classroom ceremony and the atmosphere of class.The teaching system is on the base of the teaching activities and exists for the teaching standard and freedom. Certainly, the standard and the freedom are different in the teaching system's value sequence. The standard is the most important value and the tool value of the teaching system and the freedom is higher value and the goal value of the teaching system. For the teaching system,"the standard"has in the function priority, this is because, if there are no the basic safeguard of standard and the essential order, the teaching activities are impossible to go smoothly and not to say the freedom. But the standard value is only utilizable, its existence is to realize the teaching freedom and the teaching final value. The teaching system has the character of the standard and the freedom. There are contradiction and conflict between the standard and the freedom and the contradiction and conflict are very prominent with the strengthening of modern teaching system and the seriousness of"the institution teaching".The standard of the teaching system is not punitive and suppresive, but is bootstraping. The teaching system does not dominate above the teaching activities, but is intrinsic in the teaching activities. In the teaching activities, it is standard of the general teaching behavior that guarantee the implementation of the teaching system. Without the participation of the teachers'behavior, the teaching system is unreal. The approval of the teaching system is the premise of the realization of the standard value of the teaching system. The teachers'approval of teaching convention and the students'approval of the classroom convention are the key of the implementation of the teaching system. The freedom of teaching is the condition and right of the independent choice in the teaching activities. The freedom of learning is the manifestation of the free spirit in students'learning activities, which is voluntary, aware and independent study condition under the help of teachers. The freedom of teaching and learning has the limit and needs the guarantee of the teaching system.In the teaching practice, an important performance of the oversteps of the system standard current increasingly fierce"the standardized teaching", which mainly displays in three aspects of the teaching activity patternizing, technologizing and the teaching managerialism."The standardized teaching"constituted the serious suppression and the violation to the freedom of teaching and learning. The teaching violence is the result of the abuse of the teaching freedom and right. To some extent, the lack or expiry of the binding force of the teaching system is one of the reasons which causes teaching violence. We can say that the attitude and behavior of autocracy, the hegemony of teaching word and the unproper penalty and corporal punishment in the teaching are the important performance of the teaching violence, and the harm is quite serious which hinders the development of the freedom of learning and blocks the realization of the teaching value.Reviewing the current construction practice of school teaching system, we discover that the lack of subject consciousness, the insufficiency of the spirit and attitude of science, the indifference of ethics consciousness have created the serious tendency of the instrumentalism. Specially, lots of teachers have"the conservative","utilitarianism"and"cynicism"attitude facing the teaching system, which greatly cause the teachers to submit to unreasonable teaching system and lose the power to seek the teaching freedom, then affect the advancement of the educational reform and the teaching system construction. If the teachers want to take on important mission of the transformation of teaching life, promote the teaching system transformation and the innovation personally, become the direct participation strength of"the stock"the movement of the educational reform, they should carry on the profound resonsideration and the critique to these three kind of attitude and remoulds their subjectivity.Presently, the teaching convention and the classroom convention, which are the important carrier of the teaching system, have already lost the proper validity and the rationality to a certain extent and hindered and suppressed the realization of the right freedom of teaching and learning. In educational reform process, if we do not eradicate the old unreasonable convention and do not makes the transformation and the reconstruction under the new curriculum and the new teaching idea, the new teaching system is impossible to form and establish. Therefore, to carry on the teaching system construction, we must first carefully examines, resonsider and the reconstruct the existing teaching convention. Democracy and freedom depend on each other. In teaching life, no democracy, no freedom. Democracy and freedom is accompanying. Only when promoting the teachers'democratic idea and fostering the teachers'democratic style, promoting the construction of the teaching democratic system, can we truly promote the realization of the freedom of learning, safeguard the independent, voluntary and aware study condition of students, and promote the full development of students. The basic direction of the construction of teaching system must serve the teaching activity and must respect the natural disposition of teaching activities. The teaching system cannot become the barrier of people thought and the spiritual freedom. The teaching system also does not need to cover the entire teaching activity and all teaching behavior. This is intrinsic limit of the construction of teaching system. The construction of teaching system is also not carried on in vacuum, it receives the leadership of the educational administration authority, and is restricted by certain social system and structure, and fundamentally receives the influence of the social culture idea. These factors can not be surmounted completely by the schools themselves, which constitute the exterior restriction of the construction of teaching system.It does not mean that we fall into the blind worship to teaching system and"the system determinism"to stress the construction of teaching system and safeguard the educational freedom and the realization of learning freedom by stressing the adjustment and transformation of the standard of the teaching system. The limitation of teaching system is also quite obvious. Although the teaching system is the the condition for teaching activity smooth development and is the important safeguard for the development of the freedom of teaching and learning, it is not the final basis of the realization of teaching value. Therefore, in construction of the teaching system, as teachers, they must have the sober understanding to the limitation of the teaching system, must have the full consciousness of their own subjectivity and activity, must unfold their own moral character fully in the teaching activities, seek the freedom of their innermost feelings, and transfor their freedom of the innermost feelings into their motion freedom. Only do like this, can teachers come out from submitting to standard in the teaching activities, can they realize the true freedom of teaching, can they become the important force in the education reform. That is to say that the realization of teaching freedom relies on teachers themselves, not on the gracious gift of the teaching system.