A Study On The Connection Of Talents Training Of Higher Education Institutions And Labor Market In China Since The Adoption Of Reform And Opening-up Policy

This dissertation explores the connection of talents training of higher education institutions and labor market since reform and opening in China from the perspective of history and labor economics. It specially focus on the following three problems. First, it analyzes the macroscopic background of talents demand in different stages; secondly, by using the theory of labor market equilibrium between demand and supply, the theory of human capital and the theory of segmented labor market, it analyzes the contradictions and their reasons between quantities, structures , standards of talents training in higher education institutions and the requirement of labor market; finally, it re-examines the reform measures and their outcomes in strengthening the connection between talents training and labor market.After historical research and theoretical analysis, several conclusions have been drawn in this dissertation. First of all, the contradictions between talents training of higher education institutions and labor market in quantities, structures and standards have been existing for a long history, but the focus of the contradictions differ a lot in different periods. In pre-market economy period, the focus of the contradictions is that the supply of talents is scarce seriously. From early 1990s to enrollment expansion, the focus starts to change from quantity scarce severely to the confliction between structures and standards of talents training of higher education institutions and market demand. Since the enrollment expansion, the confliction between structures and standards of talents training of higher education institutions and market demand becomes the main focus.Second, the periodical changes of the scale of talents training of higher education institutions coincide with the changes of economy. The scale of talents training of higher education institutions and economic growth change periodically. The scale of talents training of higher Education Institutions arrives to the top and bottom about one year later than economic growth, but the former's change is much greater than the latter's. When some important educational policy is announced, the scale of talents training of higher education institutions fluctuates greatly, and usually arrives to the top or bottom in the same year or one year later.Third, the segmentation of labor market and low return rate of human capital investment is the ultimate reason which blocks talents flowing to west China and rural areas after graduation. To some extent, employment idea affects graduates'employment, but this is not the ultimate reason. For the segmentation between urban and rural areas, or among different regions, working environment and personal salary differ greatly, and talents can not flow from one labor market to another freely. Working in west China or rural areas means lower return rate. Once these graduates want to return eastern part of China and find a place in labor market , they have to pay a lot for this kind of job transformation. This is the main reason which prevent graduates flowing to west China and rural areas. Therefore, the situation that difficult employment for graduates in eastern China and urban areas will not be changed only by the way of encouragement. Narrowing the gap of different labor market, and reducing labor market segmentation are the ultimate ways to promote graduates flowing to west China and rural area.Fourth, increment reform is the main model to strengthen the connection of talents training of higher education institutions and labor market in recent 20 years. Increment reform is forerunner in most reforms, which are put into practice without harming stockholders'interest. When increment reform has succeeded to some degrees, it begins to drive the deposit reform, and achieves the aim finally.Fifth, there are many factors affecting the connection of talents training of higher education institutions and labor market. Some factors lies in higher education system, and some beyond higher education system. Higher education institutions can take some measures to adjust their scales, structures, and standards, but they can not solve the problems brought by policy non-continuity and labor market segmentation. Therefore, higher education institutions should partly answer for the non-connection of talents training of higher education institutions and labor market.Aiming at the contradiction and their reasons between talents training of higher education institutions and labor market, some advice is put forward in this dissertation. First is to strengthen the contact of higher education institutions with industry, and to make entrepreneurs play a more important role in talents training. Secondly is to depend on the resources of schoolfellow for strengthening the investigation and forecast of labor market demand. Thirdly is to increase the degree of education resource marketization for improving higher education institutions'consciousness and ability of facing market. Fourthly is to transfering the power of major setup to a lower level for improving the market pertinency of major setup. Fifthly is to establish the forecast and pre-alarm system. Sixthly is to reduce labor market segmentation, and to promote graduates flowing to west China and rural areas.The main contribution of this dissertation lies in the following three points: First, it gives new definition for some terms, such as"connection","connection of talents training of higher education institutions and labor market", etc. Second, it compares the differences and reasons for the problem of talents training and labor market in different periods. Finally, it draws some new conclusions .