Making The Community Harmonious: The Classified Governance Of Community Public Affairs

Social harmony is the unwearied common ideal of mankind; it is also the essential requirement of developing the Socialism with Chinese Characteristics. Community is a holographic epitome of the society and an important component of the social system. The international experiences and China's realities tell us that a harmonious socialist construction comes by way of the community building, the community building approaches to the community structural reform. However, the community administration has become the main restrained factor of the harmonious community construction. The academic circle is lack of in-depth study on the newly emerging mode of the community structural reform. Therefore, in this dissertation, we focus on the urban community structural reform, adhering to the empirical research guideline of "focus on the macro and micro-start", profoundly analyzing the problems and their causes of the existing community structure, combing the mode of the current community structural reform, and exploring alternative options.Social system is a structural dynamic system constituted by three subsystems——the economic, political and social mechanism. Social systematic transformation is a non-linear transformation, nor is it equal-transition, but rather a continuous dynamic evolution process from unbalanced to balanced. The first transformation of China's social system is mainly the transformation of the economic mechanism. It's a dual transformation of the governmental self- revolution and the market growth. Different from the political mechanism, the mechanism appears aimless and passive. China's first transformation causes a great "diversity effect" between the political mechanism and the social mechanism, which requires the society to transfer again, to open the socialist construction and to perfect the Socialism with Chinese Characteristics. With the disjointed of Dan Wei system, its function has to transfer to the society. The communitizing of social problems, which makes the community a stocking area of social issues and a gambling area of stakeholders and which means a harmonious community is the basis of a harmonious society, a harmonious socialist construction comes by way of the community building, the community management system reform approaches to the community structural reform. From the allocation of resources and power, China's urban community structural reform experienced two stages: the administrative decentralization reform and the sociality decentralization reform. Via the administrative decentralization reform, Shanghai Mode came into being, the city management system of two-level governments, three-level management was established; via the sociality decentralization reform, Jianghan Mode came into being, and gradually formed the structure of two-level government, four-level management. The idea of Jianghan Mode is to achieve two separations. That is, in the community social management, we should separate the governmental administration from the community self-management; in the community public service, and we should depart the decision from the execution. However, Jianghan Mode encountered the "systemic issues" in the actual operation. The urban bureaucracy has the following characters: vertical integration, lineal operation, the departmental monopolization, which obstructed the "two separations". Because of the systematic obstacles, Jianghan Mode did not fully achieve its underlie concept and value orientation when it was really carried out. With the communitization of the government functions, it's hard for the community building to get out of the predicament of divisional vertical integration and the involution of community committee. That is to say, the urban community reform dominated by the government causes conflicts and contradictions in the value orientation and the behavioral consequences. To engender this "Governmental Paradox" has double causes: from an objective perspective, "Governmental Paradox" originated from the path dependence, the inertia of the Authoritarian Administrative System and the lack of folk resources force all the governmental departments to establish exclusive administrative system, to inclusive all social resources and power, to provide public services monopoly and to open the social management; from a subjective viewpoint, government departments, the community committee and residents are "Economic Men" and independent predilection stakeholders. China's existing bureaucracy makes the stakeholders self-expand on power and function. A rough community system will ultimately result in poor community governance and the shortage of public goods.Reform is the basic characteristics of China nowadays. The reform of community institution is a continuing process, the reform can solve the problem in a certain period, but there will be new problems during the course of reform, and then will cause the follow-up reforms. The community structural reform of Jianghan District opened up the operation of China's government functions communitization, but the limits of the reform triggered a wave of government functions communitization anomie. During the new process of community structural reform, based on the premise that the existing system is steadfast, some cities explore four community's workstation modes for reducing the burden of the community committee. Although these modes have achieved some performance, there are some limitations. The mode of the corporate governance brought about the separation between the community autonomy from the community administration on functions, but the community autonomy didn't separate from the community administration on organizations, nor did the community administration and the community public service. The corporate governance is favorable for avoiding the community committee administrative and improving the efficiency of the community administration, but it is difficult to avoid being marginalized the community committee. The mode of the station being affiliated to the community didn't make the committee autonomy, the community administration and the community public service separate on functions and organizations, although which is favorable for avoiding being marginalized the community committee and raising the efficiency of the community administration, but it is difficult to avoid the community committee administrative. The mode of the community committee being parallel of the station made the committee autonomy and the community administration, the community administration and the community public service separate on organizations, but they can't divorce totally on functions, which is favorable for avoiding being administrative and marginalized and raising the efficiency of the community administration. The mode of the community committee being separation from the station made the committee autonomy and the community administration separate on organizations and on functions, the community administration and the community public service separated on organizations, but they can't avoid the community committee being marginalized. The community structural reform modes broke through the current community system from different levels, but they have not transcended the mode of the bureaucracy fundamentally, so we must explore the alternative.To rationalize the community system, we need deepen the urban administrative reform; institutional reform needs explore viable paths. Rooting in China's domestic "situation" , as well as learning from foreign experience of the management of public affairs, the viable paths of moving out of the current plight of the community governance is to construct the community public affairs classified governance system and to form multiple cooperation governance network. Cooperation firstly needs division. The community public affairs classified governance is a separate process of the government's administrative management and community autonomy, a separate process of the governmental organization "helm" and the non-governmental organizations "paddle", and a process of exploring the alternative. This process involves the conversion of the value orientation, the demarcation of the governance function, the recombination of the governance structure and the innovation of the governance mechanism. Firstly, in the community system, we must abide by fairness, efficiency, democracy, order and other basic value orientations. Secondly, we should re-order, integrate and sub-divide the public affairs according to the triple standards of the synthesized public affairs attributes, the main responsibility and the consolidation of the similar affairs. Thirdly, we should re-deploy the governmental organizations, the community organizations, other powers and resources of the social organizations, remodel the governance structures and establish a "multi-center" principal order. Finally, we should innovate the community public affairs governance mechanisms, according to the principle that the arranger of the community public goods should separate from the producers of the community public goods, as well as according to the principle that different affairs should take measures to different governance mechanisms. In other words, the community administrative affairs should adopt the administrative mechanisms, the community public services should adopt the quasi-market mechanisms, and the community autonomy affairs should adopt the autonomy mechanisms. The community affairs classification governance is an ideal choice, which is to standardize and to promote the communitization of government functions, to build a service-oriented government and a good civil society.