The Research Of The Citizenization Of Peasant-Workers

The citizenization of peasant-workers is a serious social problem which challenges the transition of China.From the perspective of social mutual-construction theory,with field work and bibliography as research method,this paper reveals the deep mechanism of citizenization of peasant-workers, indicating the operation of this mechanism in various fields.Finally,it discusses the current situation as well as the prospect of the citizenization of peasant-workers which are decided by the mechanism.Scholars indicate that the citizenization of peasant-workers is the process during which peasant-workers and social institution mutually constructed.The social factors affecting the process should include institutional arrangement,economic environment and public opinions.As for the individual factor,it should contain the desire and ability of the peasant-workers to the citizenization process.On one hand,social institution restricts the behavior adjustment of peasant-workers.For instance, the institution of accommodating and sending back excludes peasant-workers from entering cities; urban provisions of work politics repel peasant-workers;urban free compulsory education system discriminates against the children of peasant-workers.On the other hand,social institution also leaves some behavior space for the peasant-workers.For example,informal employment in the city provides jobs to peasant-workers;local government acquiesces in the existence of the illegal school of peasant-workers' children.Under such circumstances,peasant-workers organize their behavior in an initiative way.They take institutional and uninstitutional strategies,make use of all kinds or resources (such as economic,human and social resources,public opinions and government's attention) to contend and strive for their legal rights and interests.Some cases in points are like the following. They evade when facing the accommodating and sending back;they work deadly hard as they have no advantage in education as well as social capital;they establish school for their own children as the urban public school discriminate against them;they get support from public opinions,urging local government to admit those schools.All the adjustment behavior mentioned above not only satisfies the need of individuals,but also brings about institutional result:during the course of participating the reproduction of social institution,peasant-workers also change the social structure,and thus their own behavior space in the city develops.The breaking down of the institution of accommodating and sending back,the urban compulsory education system gradually clearing their prejudice towards peasant-workers' children,the government emphasizing the security system of peasant-workers' rights and interests,are all the results of the those changes.Just during this mutual-construction process, peasant-workers gradually citizenized.Ever since 1980s,when peasant-workers entered city,the mutual-construction mechanism is being in a diachronic operation process.The current result of this process is shown as the current situation of peasant-workers citizenizati on.And this" current citizenizati on" will therefore decide the prospect of peasant-workers citizenizati on in the future.Because in the peasant-worker group,the desire and ability to be citizenized differs greatly,and structured background also differs between those from different generation,the process and degree of citizenizati on must be divided or even polarized.Currently,only very few peasant-workers are citizenized or quasi-citizenized,some are semi-citizenized,while the reminding majorities are still marginalized groups in the city or even go back to country.And it is thought that there is very limited chance for those marginalized peasant-workers to be semi-citizenized or even quasi-citizenized as they are low-skilled and low-market competitive.As a result,most of them will stay in the state of marginalizati on and will be back to country when they get elder.However,from the point of generation replacement,generally the citizenizati on environment that peasant-workers face is being more open and fair,the desire and ability to be citizenized is being improved.Hence,the ratio of citizenized must be surely improved.Finally,this paper puts forth the" reservoir" model of citizenization of peasant-workers,and suggests that to improve peasant-workers to be more citizenized,and avoid the risk of social stability which would be brought by the accumulation of marginalised peasant-workers,such strategies should be taken:to provide systematic express mechanism for the peasant-workers,to provide citizen position and rights for them more quickly,to respect their initiatives,to develop small town.