On Educational Preference

The society we are living now is purchasing the value of justice and rights equality in all fields. Since the value has become the social background, the equality of rights is the basic standard to judge whether the institution is reasonable. As a rights protective mode that emphasize particularly on certain people or groups, educational preference surely is contradicted with the equalitarian of resources distribution. That is why we have to review it in all direction: what is the reason for preference? Is it reasonable in modern society? What is the function of preference? Will it advance the human development? Who have the right to be preference? How to bind the preference with rationality? This article is going to examine those questions.For complexity and diversity of the problem, this article is going to study the educational preference with multidisciplinary knowledge, such as the knowledge from education, jurisprudence, sociology, philosophy, ethnics and anthropology. Firstly, this article outlined historically educational preference and introduced the three stages of its advancement. The educational preference was mainly divided into four modes by the content differences. Secondly, in order to understand its mechanism and insist the two basic value orientations, educational equality and all-round development of all people, the article fully analyzed educational preference from different angles, such as rights equality, Social Stratification, social mobility, compensation justice and multi-culture. This article also is going to establish a theory of proportion of treatment with principle of necessity, adaption and proportion, and is going to provide a theory framework for its discussing and research. Thirdly, the analysis of this article is mainly based on institutional analysis with the combination of policy analysis and cases analysis. The article analyzed the rationality of educational preference from macro and micro dimension, and wishes to master the significance, gains and losses of the educational preference institutions in China. Fourthly, this article provided concrete countermeasures from three aspects: legislation framework, legislation principle and legislation content.This article believes that the base of educational preference is the disparate significance of human. Offering the same education for all people is basically contrary to the idea of educational equality. The educational equality could not be achieved by it surface form, but by the circumstance creation of substantive equality. In the circumstance, everyone could gets its suitable education and reach its self-realization of maxim degree. So the education preference has to provide separate treatment according to different people and the wholly social demand. The preference is actually a form to maintain educational equality and provide chances for everyone to self-realize. Since educational preference emphasized particularly on certain people or groups, the inadequacy of its exercise will easily do harm to its benefiters and others benefits, and sometimes will cause "reverse discrimination". So this article believes that the educational preference should be examined by the principle of necessity, adaption and proportion in order to guarantee its right function and to realize educational equality and human development. Right now, educational preference does not have independent legislation condition in the legislation system. So it is urgent to regulate educational preference in educational laws and set up certain articles in those laws.This article tries to clear the value orientation and theory framework of educational preference, introduce its development vein, seek to deal with problems of preference institution and determine the direction of its reform. This article is also hope to provide basic idea for the improvement of educational preference institutions. For the limits of research conditions and research ability, this article mainly analyzed from macro dimension, and some concrete design for educational preference institution do need further research.