| As a special type of cities, a resource-exhausted city has its own unique developmental rules in the development process, and features of its period is significant in the development process, resource-exhausted cities can be integrally studied as a type of cities because there are many common features among them. Resource-exhausted cities make great contributions to the nation-building in the development process, but the resource-exhausted cities also has accumulated a lot of problems which may break out intently to make great pressures on the cities'development when the main parts of city resources are on the verge of exhaustion.The northeast region is an old industrial and the energy supplied base of China, Resource-exhausted cities are so intensive, long-time developed and with similar developing regulation, that resource-exhausted cities have greatly affected economy in those regions. Studying on the effect of economic transformation of the resource-exhausted cities meets not only the needs of the development of resource-exhausted cities ,but also the demands for revitalizing the northeast old industrial base.In December 2001, Fuxin city of Liaoning Province was confirmed the first economic transformation test city of the resource-exhausted cities by the State Council in China, and then china began to find the way of economic transformation of the resource-exhausted cities. The purpose of economic transformation of the resource-exhausted cities is to maintain the social stability, the economical development and the steady improvement of living level of residents after pillar industries'resource exhausted. So the measures to economic transformation are always to extend industry chain and develop alternative industries., or develop pillar industries that formed from alternative industries. From the effect of economic transformation of the resource-exhausted cities these years, we can know that most cities have took affirmative action, acquired nice effects, so that the level of economic development are steadily strengthen, and the living level of residents are improved.In resource-exhausted cities, resources industries always hold the massive labor force is always the pillar industry. With the resource exhausted, every resource-exhausted city takes transformation measures, but mining industry still plays an important role, and holds the massive labor force. Resource-exhausted cities are often located far away of the city and near to ore, and cities'distribution lacks integrated planning, whose infrastructures are also insufficient. These years, resource-exhausted cities have focused on the infrastructures and public service system. However, compared with the economically developed areas, infrastructures are still out of date. Further improving infrastructures and making the cities'distribution more reasonable are the focal point of the future work.Due to ignoring environment protection and ecological balance maintenance, resource-dependent cities have turned into resources-exhausted during their development, accompanying with the environmental deteriorations and ecological destructions, which could be deeply interactive and hardly solved immediately subject to the accumulation effects. In fact, environment pollution and ecological crisis could be improved by cities development transition and new technology implement. Some resource-dependent cities have acquired parts of experience and positive effects after years of working, especially in circular economy, waste disposal, and cities ecology balance. However, we should stick on it until the environment issues were solved completely and the cities grow healthily, which would be still big challenges in the future.The northeast region is an old industrial and the energy supply base of China, where the resource-exhausted cities are abundant and wide-located, generally with a large scale, resource-exhausted cities'development are important to economic developmental level of the region. Forest-based, oil-based and coal-based cities are main types of resource-exhausted cities in northeast China, and other mineral based resources cities are few. Resources cities have cooperation in production with each other because they are relatively closed. Migration culture is obvious, and the density of the population is relatively low, and statistics from 1995 to 2008 show that but for the Panjin City in Liaoning Province, population density is lower than the national average level in Northeast China, and Yichun City in Heilongjiang Province has the lowest population density.Resource-exhausted cities in Northeast China are the first batch of cities which are resource-based founded. Due to the earlier and longer development , the special procession of development history lead to the resource depletion problem more seriously, a variety of social and economic problems are more concentrated and obvious compared to the other regions in China. After years of development of mining, these cities first has entered into the depletion phase, however, as resource-exhausted cities, there is no experience can be a reference for the first transition for those resource-exhausted cities, and all restructuring measures are tempted to rely on their own explore, experience and lessons which have to be summed up in transition constantly. Therefore, there are more difficulties and higher costs during this transition period. Because of this feature in resource-exhausted cities in Northeast China, the State Council established the majority of the first pilot city in the northeast region, so that these cities achieved greater efforts from the national policy.Relative to other domestic regions, the trunk roads in Northeast region need to be further improved. Northeast region, due to special geographical position and climatic conditions, whose development of many outdoor trades are limited, heat preserved and cold-resistant buildings have increased construction costs, and heating has increased operation and maintenance costs, so that the cost and the budget raising have prevented the injection of foreign capital and development of new industries. In the northeast China large-scale state-owned enterprises are intensive but small-and-medium-sized enterprises are less. The secondary industry is particularly thriving but tertiary industry develops slowly. The financial industry has not developed enough, there are several problems with financial industry , such as whole scale is small, financial supply is not enough, financial efficiency is low, level of regional financial depth is low relatively , rate of finance's direct contribution to regional economic aggregate is low. Regional natural and geographical conditions, economic structure and financial environment go against implement of the transformation.In order to further analyzed resources-exhausted cities in northeast China, the paper adopted the combination methods of quantitative research and empirical research and chose each typical resource-exhausted city from the three provinces in northeast China for empirical research. Combined with the empirical anglicizing of resources-exhausted cities, transformation effect analysis evaluation should also include social, economic and environmental systems. The environmental system natural attribute gives evaluation index baseness, which is the fundamental of constructing evaluation index. Social attribute of Economic and social system gives evaluation index development, and provide the possibility for constructing evaluation index system. The paper carries on the data collection and actual research on the basis of construction of the index system in order to evaluate the effect of resource-exhausted cities through establishment of index system of economic transformation.By field research and data analysis, the paper analyzed the bases and the key points of economic transition of Fuxin city in Liaoning and also evaluated the results of economic transition of Fuxin through model computing. Combined qualitative analysis with positive analysis, the paper found that the economic growth, the industry structure transformation, and international trading are less-developed. The level of economic development need further strengthen. The fast-growing indictors are civil affairs, the living level of residents, and the city's construction. The overall environment quality is becoming better with some exceptions and the decline of resources is obvious. The overall social, economic and ecological systems are not well co-developed. Some indictors are not coherent. Recent years, the speed of its economic development of Fuxin is relatively slow. The incoherent indictors, such as economic scale, economic structure, the international degree of economy, the environmental and resource quality ,need to be stressed in the later development.With the same methods, the paper took Liaoyuan City in Jilin Province as a studying object, to analysis the bases and the key points of economic transition of Liaoyuan city in Liaoning. The paper also evaluated the results of economic transition of Fuxin through model computing and concerned that optimization and adjustment of industrial structure are relatively at a poor level and weaken in basis of social development in the process of economic developing. Therefore, while developing the economy the government should pay close attention to the development of social undertakings in order to protect the people's living standards and other urban construction. In recent years, Liaoyuan City environmental indicators are showing an obviously decline. An environmental indicator of environmental quality is relatively better, but the indicators of resource conditions decrease more significantly. In a view of general trend Liaoyuan's effects in economic transformation is better, and especially in recent years, the development of the overall city is showing a rapidly trend. It is noteworthy that some parts of index in Liaoyuan came out a fall-back tender after the rising. From the index level, economic structure, urban construction, social stability, and resource conditions fluctuated in the number of years. It is necessary to focus on those weak links during the city developing.The paper also took Yichun City in Heilongjiang Province as a studying object, and concerned that Yichun's economic development level need further strengthen, whose optimization and adjustment of industrial structure were relatively at a poor level and weaken in foreign trade in the process of economic developing. Yichun has a better social infrastructure, and its people's living standards, the urban construction and other indicators are rapidly increasing. Environmental indicators are obviously in an increasing tender, and basically reached the expected goal. However from the local point of view, Yichun's society, economy, and environmental systems are still not coordinated, gradually improving in all over. After transformation, all subsystems which conclude social, economic, resources and environment system are relatively coordination. From the index level, the economic export-oriented degree, quality of life, social stability, and many other sub-indices are fluctuated in some years. This annotates after transformation Yichun's development is still in an unstable phase and its main part has potential developing power.Based on a series of qualitative investigation, quantitative investigation and empirical investigation, the paper concerns that in order to further promote the realization of the goal which is resource-exhausted cities'economic transformation in Northeast China, we should take the following seven measures. Firstly, we should solve the problems left by history and adjust the industrial structure and vigorously develop alternative industries secondly. Thirdly, we should enlarge the employment by all kinds of means. And then, broaden the investment channels in order to enhance the transformation. Moreover, developing the private economy and giving more chance to the minor enterprises are needed. Furthermore, we may restore the urban ecological environment and develop the circular economy. Finally, we strengthen the cooperation between resources cities and actively participate in international cooperation in Northeast Asia.
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