Study On The Choice Of Alternative Industries Of Resource-based Cities In The Northeastern Old Industrial Bases

The northeastern region of China is credited with various old industrial bases which are full of a vast number of resource-based cities in a wide geographical distribution. And these resource-based cities have played important roles in the development of the economy of northeastern China. With the depletion and exploitation of resources reserves,mainstream industries in these resources-based cities have been going down, turning these cities into resource-exhausted ones with a series of problems. And now these resources-exhausted cities facing severe difficulties need urgent transition .The fundamental way to get rid of these difficult situations for the resources-exhausted cities is developing alternative industries, making a smooth industrial transition. The key to make a success economic and industrial transition for resources-based cities is to find alternative industries in a scientific way. Based on the analysis of dominate industry theory , this article has explored the selecting of alternative industries,building a mathematical model to take testing. So the selection of alternative industries for these resources-based cities could be done in a scientific way. This article consists of five parts.Part one has focused on general introduction of the development of alternative industries in resources-based cities. This part has reviewed dominate industrial theory and industrial choice theory domestically and abroad, making a full analysis and evaluation of these theories to provide a theoretical foundation for the study of selecting alternative industries. But these theories have mostly centered on the dominate industry theory based on the perspective of the whole national economy,not on the perspective of the regional economic development. And the methods of these theories are mostly descriptive,not in the normative and systematic way. And these studies are primarily on the analysis of the industrial structure, with the research methods immature and unspecific. This article has stressed on the establishment of a dynamic model by using the mathematical analysis method with a comprehensive preference pattern and full consideration of these resources-based cities'present situations and long-term development.The second part has centered on the economic transition and the development of alternative industries. The article has defined the resource-based cities and its related concept . In the article, it holds that resources-based cities refer to the industrial cities in which non-renewable natural and primary resources industries are leading and dominate industries. The purpose of developing alternative industries in resources-based cities is to achieve industrial transformation that could be defined in the scope of economic restructuring which is the most important and most crucial aspect of economic transition in these resources-based cities. Then the article analyses and explains the industrial formation, evolution mechanisms and related issues to develop alternative industries in resources-based cities. The formation and development of economy in resources-based cities have primarily relied on the exploitation and the processing of natural resources. So the development of resources-based industries have their own special characteristic,with these resources declining irreversibly. Meanwhile because of the special circumstances domestically, China's resource-based cities should choose alternative industries properly in case that these cities become the empty ones. Afterwards, the article analyses the difficulties which these resources-based cities in northeastern China now faces. These problems include gradual depletion of resources and the heavy burden on resource-based enterprises which in return lead to the decline of resources-based industries, then impacting the cities'economic growth and fiscal revenue and slowing down the income growth of residents. The decline of resources-based industries will bring a large number of laid-off workers, meanwhile with the worsening of ecological environment in these resources-based cities. These problems should be tackle properly and timely in a way through the development of alternative industries and industrial restructuring.Part three has explored the models and principles of the development of alternative industries in resources based cities of old industrial bases in northeast. First of all ,to develop alternative industries resources-based cities should have realistic goals, so as to avoid the development of blindness. This article has focused on the development of alternative industries to solve many difficulties which the resources-based cities are facing, achieving industrial restructuring, and implementing of economic restructuring and sustainable development of resource-based cities. Secondly, resources-based cities need learn from the model to develop alternative industries. And now domestic scholars have put forward three models which are the models of industry extending,restructuring and the composite model. The article has amended and improved the details of the three models. Then based on the analysis of the objectives models of alternative industries, it analyzes the principle of selection for alternative industries. The principal to choose alternative industries should be defined scientifically with models .From a practical and long-term point of view ,the resource-based cities should develop alternative industries taking full account of market factors, the conditions of their own and comparative advantages .And the development of the cities should also be in harmony with regional economic development.The fourth part has focused on construction of model and the empirical study of the choosing alternative industries in resources-based cities of old industrial base in northeast. This section is the focus of this article. First it constructs the model of choose alternative industries in resources-based cities .In order to achieve the smooth economic transition of resource-based cities, resources-based cities should choose the alternative industries which are suitable for self-development based on the CTLS model which analyses the competitiveness of alternative industries ,trend of industry development, locus analysis and sustainable development. This model, from a practical point of view, focuses on long-term consideration, the use of normative analysis, analytical methods such as quantitative analysis. The model avoids making the dominate industry resource-based theory as selection theory of alternative industries for resource-based cities. Secondly, take Daqing for an empirical test in the model, it tests the validity of the model and selects the suitable alternative industries for self-development. Through the analysis of Daqing City as well as the calculation results of various sub-models .The results of the sub-module has a strong consistency, thus verify the validity of the model.The fifth part is about conclusions and suggestions. This article has concluded that: Resource-based cities with the development of alternative industries have its necessity and inevitability; resource-based cities with the development of alternative industries should have specific goals; Resource-based cities should choose alternative industries proceeding from actual situation in their own; the CTLS model of selection for Resource-based cities with the development of alternative industries has its effectiveness. Rationale suggestions are that it is necessary to promote the transition in resource-based cities. Resource-based cities with the development of alternative industries should be guided by scientific concept of development, formulating a reasonable follow-up industrial development strategy; developing recycled economy,developing new industries, as well as strengthening infrastructure construction; The state should also set up policies to support the development of alternative industries for these resources -based cities.