Study On The Competitiveness Of China's High-tech Industry

With the advance of globalization and the changes in world economic pattern, all countries'competition is more and more intense in industrial level. High-tech industry is an important and strategic industry that can promote industrial upgrading and drive economic growth. The competitiveness of high-tech industry has been widespread concerned around the world.China is a developing country with fast speed, through reform and opening up China's economic growth is attracted worldwide attention, and China is also facing increasing competitive pressures. With the adjustment and upgrading in industrial structure, high-tech industry has become an important industry that can promote China to achieve a new round's economic growth. Although China's high-tech industry has a rapid development in recent years, how is the overall competitiveness of industry, what is the dynamic trend of the industrial competitiveness, what are the factors that affect the competitiveness of industry, what are the actual results of industrial agglomeration and technological innovation on the industrial competitiveness. These have become the concerned matters by government, academia, and public. However, industry first have to face the domestic market in international competition, only obtain advantage in the domestic inter-provincial competition, to be able to get the capital to participate in international competition. Meanwhile, the competitiveness of high-tech industry, not only reflect in explicit aspect, such as industry input level, output level, but also reflect in the process from input to output, and this is the implicit aspect of the inner potential. Therefore, based on the theory of industrial competitiveness, the thesis analyzes high-tech industry's size, structure and layout in China. The thesis uses factor analysis method of multivariate statistics to evaluate the high-tech industry's explicit competitiveness in inter-province, and extracts major factors which affect the explicit competitiveness of high-tech industry; by using R&D efficiency to reflect the implicit competitiveness, the thesis uses DEA-Malmquist productivity index to analyze the implicit competitiveness of high-tech industry in China, and verify its convergence; by using the grey relational analysis and panel data model, the thesis analyzes the impact of industrial agglomeration and technological innovation on industrial competitiveness; on the basis of the analysis of competitiveness of China's high-tech industry and the main factors of affecting competitiveness, the thesis gives proposals to accelerate the development of China's high-tech industry from the regional and industrial aspects. This thesis is divided into seven chapters, as follows:Chapter 1 is introduction. This chapter introduces the background and significance of this study, and reviews the research status at home and abroad. The review contains four aspects: they are industrial competitiveness, total factor productivity, the impact of industrial agglomeration on competitiveness, the impact of technological innovation on competitiveness. This chapter also introduces the framework, the main contents and research methods of this study.Chapter 2 is the industrial competitiveness and its related theories. This chapter first gives the definition of industrial competitiveness, and analyzes the factors of affecting industrial competitiveness, including location, scale, institution and other traditional factors, and clusters, technology, innovation and other modern factors, in particular, this chapter points out the important influence of these factors on the competitiveness of high-tech industry. Then from the competition theory, advantage theory, agglomeration theory, and innovation theory of the four aspects, this chapter sums up the theoretical basis of industrial competitiveness. Finally, this chapter introduces the definition and classification of high-tech industry, and summarizes the characteristics of high-tech industry, such as high risk, high aggregation, high profitability, and gives the concept and components of high-tech industry.Chapter 3 is the development of high-tech industry in China. This chapter first introduces the development process of high-tech industry in China, and summarizes the characteristics of high-tech industry in different period. Then this chapter introduces high-tech industry's scale, structure and layout, measures current development status of China's high-tech industry from the main economic indicators. By contrasting with the United States, Japan, Britain, Germany and other major industrialized countries, this chapter finds the gap between China and the developed industrialized countries from the major economic indicators.Chapter 4 is the evaluation and regional comparison on the competitiveness of China's high-tech industry. This chapter evaluates and compares the competitiveness of regional high-tech industry from both explicit and implicit aspects. First, the chapter gives evaluation and comparison on the explicit competitiveness in high-tech industry in China regions. Based on the design principles of evaluation index system and the existing research literature at home and abroad, as well as the development of the actual situation of high-tech industry, we build the evaluation index system of explicit competitiveness of high-tech industry. Using the index system and factor analysis on China in 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2009, this chapter studies the explicit competitiveness of high-tech industry from static and dynamic aspects, and analyzes affecting factors on competitiveness of China's high-tech industry. The results show that the level of scale output has always been the most important factor that affects the explicit competitiveness of China's high-tech industry, the impact from the factor of technological innovation is increasing, and the factor of technological innovation has become the second factor which is next only to the factor of scale output in 2009. Subsequently, based on regional composite factors score, this chapter gives a cluster analysis to confirm the explicit competitiveness of regional high-tech industry in their respective level, and observes the changes of various regions'competitiveness in China. The results show that the group feature of high-tech industry is very obvious, Guangdong and Jiangsu's high-tech industry are the most competitive in China, they have been among the top two rankings from the year 1995 to 2009; the factors in different group are extremely uneven, not all factors are in the first place in Group 1, and not all factors are at the bottom in Group 3, which indicates underdeveloped provinces could catch up with developed provinces. Then, based on the DEA-Malmquist productivity index, this chapter evaluates and compares the implicit competitiveness of high-tech industry in China regions. We analyze 24 provinces'R&D total factor productivity (the R&D efficiency) growth from 1995 to 2009 in China. The results show that, from the overall angle, R&D efficiency of China's high-tech industry grows by 8% from 1995 to 2009, and is driven by both technological progress and technical efficiency; from the regional angle, 20 provinces'R&D efficiency of high-tech industry has grown, only Jiangsu, Shandong, Heilongjiang and Shanxi's R&D efficiency decline; from the structural angle, 21 provinces'technological progress change index is greater than 1, which indicates that the level of technological progress has significantly improved in China's high-tech industry, and the technological progress is the most important factor to promote the growth of R&D efficiency; from the dynamic angle, there is a very obvious feature of cyclical fluctuations in R&D efficiency index, probably for a period of 5 years. Finally, the chapter gives a test of the convergence on the R&D efficiency growth of high-tech industry. The results show that there is an obvious convergence in the R&D efficiency growth of high-tech industry, three regions existed conditional convergence of their own and there also existed the absolute convergence of the country, but the speed of convergence was slow, the rate of convergence was just 0.53%.Chapter 5 is analysis of the relationship between industrial agglomeration and competitiveness of high-tech industry. First, the chapter analyzes the relationship between industrial agglomeration and competitiveness in the theoretical aspect. Subsequently, the chapter introduces indicators that can measure the level of industrial agglomeration, they are the concentration ratio of industry, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, spatial Gini coefficient, EG index, DO index,θi index, KS index. Then, we use the concentration ratio, EG index,θi index, KS index to measure the agglomeration level of China's high-tech industry from 1995 to 2009. The results show that, from the overall angle, the agglomeration of high-tech industry has improved significantly, EG index,θi index, KS index show an obvious agglomeration phenomenon in high-tech industry in China; from the industrial angle, Manufacture of Computers and Office Equipments, Manufacture of Electronic Equipment and Communication Equipment, Manufacture of Aircrafts and Spacecrafts'agglomeration index is the top three from 1995 to 2009, they have a very obvious agglomeration phenomenon. The agglomeration level of Manufacture of Medical Equipments and Measuring Instrument keeps increase, and in recent years, it has a significant agglomeration phenomenon. The agglomeration level of Manufacture of Medicines is the lowest in 5 industries, and it doesn't have obvious agglomeration phenomenon. Finally, the chapter gives the empirical analysis on the relationship between industrial agglomeration and competitiveness from both explicit competitiveness and implicit competitiveness. On the one hand by constructing competitiveness index to measure the explicit competitiveness of high-tech industry and we use the grey relational analysis method to study the impact of industrial agglomeration on explicit competitiveness of high-tech industry from 1995 to 2009. On the other hand by calculating Malmquist productivity index to measure 5 major high-tech industries'total factor productivity growth, then we use the grey relational analysis method to analyze the impact of industrial agglomeration on the competitiveness of high-tech industry. The results show that industrial agglomeration promotes the competitiveness of high-tech industry both in explicit and implicit aspects. In 5 industries, each grey relational coefficient between explicit competitiveness index and industrial agglomeration index is above 0.75. In the aspect of implicit competitiveness, the grey relational coefficients between total factor productivity change index and industrial agglomeration index are all above 0.9 in Manufacture of Medicines, Manufacture of Medical Equipments and Measuring Instrument, Manufacture of Aircrafts and Spacecrafts'agglomeration. Manufacture of Electronic Equipment and Communication Equipment, Manufacture of Computers and Office Equipments'total factor productivity levels declined in 2007 and 2008, which is related with the factor's congestion of the electronic information industry in developed regions.Chapter 6 is analysis of the relationship between the technological innovation capability and competitiveness of high-tech industry. First, the chapter introduces the measurement method on technological innovation in current research, and analyzes the relationship between technological innovation capability and competitiveness in theoretical aspect. Subsequently, the chapter gives an empirical analysis on the relationship between technological innovation capability and competitiveness. We use regional innovation variables and R&D efficiency growth which are calculated in Chapter 4 Section 2 to analyze the degree of impact from technological innovation to competitiveness. The results show that, R&D expenditure and the ratio of new products sales significantly affect the R&D efficiency growth of high-tech industry, that is, technological innovation has significantly promotion on competitiveness; the coefficient of R&D personnel is negative, which again proved technical personnel in China's high-tech industry have over-concentration in the developed regions, and it confirm that congestion really exist.Chapter 7 is the development proposals of China's high-tech industry. This chapter gives the proposals to accelerate the development of high-tech industry from two aspects of the region and the industry. From the regional angle, each province should be based on group characteristics and playing a regional comparative advantage; focusing on innovation to promote competitive advantage; attaching great importance to the industrial transfer to achieve a multi-polar development; raising the level of industrial agglomeration to promote the technical efficiency; paying attention to the means of policy support and developing special industries of different areas. From the industrial angle, the government's policy-making should be targeted; increasing efforts to train professionals; rationally planning the development of industry; maximizing the effectiveness of national development zones; achieving coordinated development among industries.