Modelling Technological Bias And Productivity Growth In China's Three Urban Agglomerations

The Beijing-Tianj in-Hebei,the Yangtze River Delta,and the Pearl River Delta are the three major urban agglomerations with highly developed economy and the most potential development in China,which play lead roles in energy saving and low-carbon development.Based on the data envelopment analysis(DEA),taking labor,capital and electricity as the input variables,gross domestic product(GDP)as the desirable output variable,and carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions from fossil energy consumption as the undesirable output variable,the total factor productivity(TFP)index of three urban agglomerations from 2005 to 2014 is calculated.Then,the TFP factored into the index of efficiency change and an index of technological change,to find the reason why the TFP changed.Furthermore,the technological change decomposed into three separate indexes of input biased technological change(MLIBTECH),outprut biased technological change(MLOBTECH),and the magnitude of technological change(MLMATECH).Combining the MLIBTECH and the MLOBTECH with the ratio of input and output about the adjacent period,in order to discuss the input bias and the output bias of technological change in each city,sum the number of city whose input bias or the output bias is the same.After that,we can judge the input bias or the output bias of the three urban agglomerations.Main results are:(?)during the sample period,the TFP of the three urban agglomerations is increasing and the main driving force is technological change,while the efficiency of most cities is declining;(?)in the perspective of inputs,the most cities prefer to use capital and save labor and electricity;(?)stand in the perspective of the Urban agglomeration to describe the bias of the input,he Beijing-Tianj in-Hebei prefers to use electricity,whereas the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations tend to use capital and save labor,it is seen that the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations are affected by the "shortage of migrant workers";(?)from the perspective of outputs,the technological progress of the three major urban agglomerations is significantly biased toward GDP with a slight difference among the three urban agglomerations.From this point of view,their economic growth shows a low-carbon trend.