Mangement Mechanism Of Ecological Restoration Programes In China's Forestry Sector

In accordance with the definition of Chinese forestry ecological restorationprograms, this paper regards that the construction of Chinese forestry ecologicalrestoration programs started in 1949 when the PRC was founded. The three-northshelterbelt protection forest project that was initiated in 1978 marked the entry oflarge-scale construction period of Chinese forestry ecological restoration programs.The enforcement of Chinese forestry ecological restoration programs has made hugecontribution to the socioeconomic development and ecological environmentimprovement of the country. However, analysis of the implementation process of theproject indicates that the management of Chinese forestry ecological restorationprograms have had a lot of problems. Analysis of the macroscopic management ofthese programs lacked scientific integrated planning, effective coordination amongsectors concerned and the current accounting methods for the economic growth do nottend to stimulate government sector investment efficiently in the management.Analysis of the microscopic management concludes that a scientific projectmanagement system has not been identified for Chinese forestry ecological restorationprograms of the country, which led to absence of system assurance for quality control,progress control and fund control etc.. Therefore, for the forestry ecologicalrestoration programs with annual investment over tens of billions of Chinese Yuan, aset of effective management mechanism guaranteeing reasonable planning, closecoordination, effective incentives, secured funding, ensured project quality should beestablished. This is not only concerned the realization of the forestry leap-forwardstrategic sectoral target of government, but also the ecological safety, sustainableharmonious development between nature and man of our country.As far as the forestry ecological restoration programs development course areconcerned, there have been numerous foreign examples abroad. The Stalin rebuiltnature plan of the former Soviet Union, Roosevelt project of USA, combatingmountain plan of Japan, the green plan of Canada, social forestry plan of India,forestry ecological restoration programs of France are of larger scale and earlier inexecution. Enforcement of forestry ecological restoration programs abroad producednotable impact along with management lessons. For China, the experiences of themanagement of forestry ecological restoration programs shall deepen theunderstanding of Chinese forestry ecological restoration programs, contribute to thedesign of the project management mechanism in compliance with the characteristic ofChina and the improvement of the management level of project implementation.The design of new Chinese forestry ecological restoration program managementmechanism depends on the summarization and analysis of the existing system ofChinese forestry ecological restoration program management. The current forestryecological major projects of the country are formed on basis of the former Chineseforestry ecological restoration programs more than ten and becomes. Some of theprojects had been executed more than ten years while others took shape to meetspecific ecological task. Therefore, when designing new Chinese forestry ecologicalrestoration program management mechanism, further analysis of the constructionfeatures, operational mechanism, management methods, effect and problems of theseprograms is highly demanded. It is also optative to start with the design of themanagement mechanism to identify solutions to the existent problems regarding fund,planning, organization, encouragement and control in project management.To facilitate the design of Chinese forestry ecological restoration programmanagement mechanism of China, this paper analyzed the project managementmethods of enforcing the Chinese forestry ecological restoration programs. It isconcluded thereby that the Chinese forestry ecological restoration programs shall bemanaged with project management conception and that the traditional projectmanagement mechanism have the problem of forestry adaptation. Currently a lot ofscholars heavily criticize the existent various defects of the government orientedChinese forestry ecological restoration programs. Nevertheless, at the time of problemidentification and analysis, they failed to analyze the tenure economic foundation andits advantages of property rights behind the government led type managementmechanism, and failed to consider the reasons of management failure in some purelyproject conception operated Chinese forestry ecological restoration programs.Economic basis decides the superstructure. Of the six major forestry programswith total planning area over 1.1 billion mu and a 97% administrative coverage of thecounties of the country, five programs are ecological natured projects. Management ofthese programs needs also to consider the economic foundation supporting the project.Social system economy science and the theory of property right trust that market,enterprise and government are all social system arrangements that inter-replace eachother with the economic development to form relatively different economy-ledpatterns. Based on the analysis of tenure features and system arrangement advantagesand the features of property right for market, enterprise and government, learningfrom the past ecological project management as well as the long-term nature of theconstruction of forestry ecological restoration programs and the judgment of theeconomic foundation it relies on, the problems regarding management mechanism ofChinese forestry ecological restoration programs can be studied.This paper by integrated analysis and application of the systemic science,ecological economy science, management science, mechanism design principlesdesigned forestry ecological restoration programs management mechanism thataccords with the forest condition and national condition of China, comprised of thegovernment led management mechanism for developing stage and the enterprise ledmanagement mechanism. The former stage shall evolve into the later with the marketmaturity. The government led pattern includes the Government Green GDPEvaluation System, the Consolidated Government Macroscopic Management System,the Reimbursement Accounting System. For the market led pattern, it shall be steeredby the General Corporation of Chinese Forestry Ecological Restoration Programs thatwill conduct as a legal person entity the bidding management, project implementationsupervision, and project contracting management to the Chinese forestry ecologicalrestoration programs. Finally, this paper applies and analyzes the managementmechanism designed into Natural Forest Resoure Protection Program for the practice.The contributions of this paper including: 1. defined forestry ecologicalrestoration program, based on China and international forestry ecological restorationprogram's history as well as its development. 2. designed the managementmechanism for China's forestry ecological restoration program accord with thecountry's and forestry features.