Research On Water Right Allocation And Its Management In China

"China finished most of the targets for the Tenth Five-Year Plan period (2000-2005), but the targets for environment were not done well,"Premier Wen Jiabao said at a press conference shortly after the 4th Session of the 10th National People's Congress (NPC)on March 14th,2006. Water resource problem is the initial one of environmental problems in China, which mainly falls on increasing worsened water quality pollution, low efficiency in water resource allocation, increasing water shortage and shocking waste.The annual precipitation of China is 6.1889 trillion m3, and 45% of it transfers to surface and groundwater, 55% of it vaporized. Annual total river capacity is 2.7115 trillion m3, and total groundwater capacity is 0.8288 trillion m3. Apart from overlap counting, the annual total capacity is 2.8124 trillion m3, and river water capacity is the main part, reaches 94.4% of the total. The features of water resources in China show as: high total capacity with low per capita, per acre Fig.ures; great geographical variety with large discrepancy between north and south; incompatible distributions among water resource, population and land; great variation of annual precipitation with high frequency of flood and drought.Water crisis in China mainly focuses on the following 7 points:1. Low in per capita volume. According to the statistics of World Bank in 1998, the amount of water resource in China ranked 4th among the total 132 surveyed countries, while fell to the 82nd per capita. China is one of the 13 most severely water shortage countries.2. Great damages by serous water pollution. According to the water quality evaluations to about 100.000km length of 700 rivers made by Ministry of Water Resources, China, 46.5% of the rivers was partly polluted, 10.6% rivers are seriously polluted and lost using value; 90% of urban water areas have been seriously polluted.3. Shrinkage of lakes and breaking-off of rivers. The first breaking-off of The Yellow River appeared in 1972, and there were 21 years of breaking-offs in Lijin station within 27 years till to 1998. Breaking-off lasted for 1050 days and reached 50 days annually, what worse, the duration...