Scientific Elite In Modern China

Employing the sociology of science in general and the norm of universalism and the theory of social stratification in science in particular, this paper focuses on the studies on scientific elites in modern China as well as the development of Modern science as a kind of vocation and a social organization in China. It examines the inherent social system and social relation, specifically, the social stratification of scientific elites as the highest estate of the scientists groups in modern China. The interaction between scientific elites and the social condition is shown at the end of this paper.In details, this paper achieves sone results in the following aspects:1) The academicians of Chinese Academy of Science are the model of genius in science community of China. From temporal dimension, take the academicians as an example, the birth place distribution, degree structure, abroad study experiences and age structure are quantitatively studied, some characteristics and its reasons are analyzed also. All of the conclusions will help to understand more about the basic status of scientific elites in modern China.2) The paper defines the master-apprentice relationship in science, then according to the definition, the paper exams the master-apprentice relationship of Chinese mathematic elites in different periods. Some characteristics of the spreading in Chinese modern mathematics are shown, such as: Modern mathematics in China spread very slowly in the early 20th century, the former mathematic elites in China have a high academic level ,the former Chinese mathematic elites is the kindling for the spreading of modern mathematics in China, elite-group effort of the latter Chinese mathematic is the main means in cultivating young researchers, Matthew effect is the role in the latter mathematic elites mentoring young researchers, and so on. Broadly speaking, the characteristics of the growth of Chinese scientific elite are different in different periods, and should be explored. All of these are important for cultivating excellent scientific researchers in modern education system.3)A series of basic information of scientific elites in modern China and the Nobel Prize winners are calculated and analyzed by this paper, the information including the age distribution, degree structure, graduation universities and nationality status; by comparing with the same issues of Chinese modern scientific elites, some significant implications come out witch related to how to create the world most advanced achievements in science and technology and what is the best way for cultivating outstanding scientists in China in the future. All of those conclusions should offer some new enlightenment for applying Knowledge Creation Project in China.4) Studies on the interaction between scientific elites in modern China and the social condition. Researching the history of the development of the modern science and technology in China during the two periods (Min guo, the People's Republic of China), the paper examines the relationship between the working of scientific elites in modern China and the social development, and shows the scientific as well as political and social roles the elite has played in influencing the nation's policy making, economic development and social civilization in scientific research and societal life. Finally, the paper draws a conclusion that scientific elites in modern China as a bellwether for the direction of changes in the areas of science and technology as well as society.