| For long time, peasant, agriculture and village are the mainly outstanding restrictive factors during the process of our country's modernization as well as development of the social-economy system, but the village's survival is the most important one among the three rural-related problems. The employment is foundation of the livelihood of the people,under the market economy condition, the basic path of farmer's existence as well as development is to pursue marketing employment. But the problem of land scarcity causes the less agriculture ability to absorb the rural employment, so changing farmer employment structure, promoting the agriculture surplus labor force transfer from the agriculture realm and carrying out a nonagriculture employment strongly, should be the most important measures to promote the rural economy development, the farmer income growth and realise the urban-rural plan.From last century early 80's to the mid 90's, the farmer's non- agricultural employment on our country had experienced the twice good development periods, however from in 90's behind expect than on, the development of non-agricultural employment has been slow down.Though results of the factor are surely many, but among them most basic and inner reason maybe the shortage of farmer's humanr capital, which causes labor character and ability lowly, couldn't meet the demand of non-agricultural employment development. Nowdays, along with various reforms being enforced thoroughly, the "visible system threshold" ,restricted the devolpment non-agricultural employment, will tore down gradually, while in the future, the "invisible threshold",namely, the farmer own ability character level requested in a system of non-agricultural employment market will become more serious, which, in the final analysis ,has much to do with the human capital condition.This paper mainly researchs the relation between human capital and the village labor force's non-agriculture using methods of the theoretical together with real example analysis under an angle of macroscopic as well as microscopic view thoroughly.The whole research contents may include five parts:1. A thorough analysis of the theories mechanism that the human capital influences the non-agricultural employment development from the macro view to the micro view. On the macro view, the human capital, as an important factor which enhances the non-agricultural economic growth, has a substitution effect in short term and a expansion effect in long term to the quantity of non-agricultural employment. Besides, the human capital can also help a structural change from "simple-employment" to "efficient-employment";On the micro view, the human capital, as a kind of particular ability bunch, will constitute an inside conduct mechanism to the rural labor-force's ability involving of non-agricultural employment, and produce important influence in action of the non-agricultural employment such as decision ability, information ability, occupation orientation several levels ability and the income ability etc. Due to the factor of human capital, the existing classic model of non-agriculture employment meaning will take place a certain improvement, the human capital will play an important part on the labor transfer from country to city and a transformation of dual structure. The policy meaning of the new model is that, increasing the village human capital invested and accumlated to establish the policy system of city support country concering of human capital as well as capital should be an essential path to realize a long-term stable development mechanism of village labor force employment and to wipe out the dual economic structure ultimately. Then, the theoretic assumptions of this paper has been given, which thinks although the causes of the non-agriculture employment development are various, the human capital is the inner one. The marginal influence of human capital to non-agriculture employment will increase continuously in future, thus becoming the source of the non- agricultural employment development.2. Anlysis of the non-agricultural employment development process and human capital characteristic on our country .Firstly, the whole process of non-agricultural employment development has been studied, and it is discovered that the transformation of institutions(TI) and the human capital (HC) become two greatly important factors which close contactly and interact each other, influencing the development of non-agriculture employment together. But on a periodicity eye, the two effects exist certain difference.From the reform-opening time on, a substantial development has been obtained in the village human capital investment and accumulation and the farmer's human capital condition has also harvested lots of fruit.Now, the human capital has already become one of the much important factors that influences the farmer's non-agricultural employment behavior. But it should not be neglected that the whole level of the human capital's investment remian still lower, can't satisfy the demand of the farmer's non-agricultural employment well.In the meantime ,there obviously exist some regional gaps which result in the different competition ability among kinds of labors.3.Empirical analysis of the specific influence caused by human capital to the development of non-agricultural employment on a macro angle. Drawing on several theories and methods from some international reseach field, the research designs a kind of method,so-called"The Rural Human Capital Feng-Yu Method ",and uses this method to calculate the value of farmer's human capital in different provinces as well as different periods.The paper divides development of the non-agricultural employment into two espects: namely the quantity and the structure, then constructes two models respectively and seven types of indexes variable,including: human capital, transformation of institutions, the development of non-agricutural industry, the income gay between city and country, the average cultivated land per agricultural laboure, the average farm machinery motive per labor, the rate of town unemployment etc...choose to carry on substantial evidence analysis according to the method of province Panel-Data model during period of 1987-2004.The empirical research indicates that the effect of human capital is more significant than that of transformation of institutions during all factors influencing the quantity scale of non-agricultural employment increase. Distingushing of infferent area, the human capital contributes much more to the increase of non-agricultural employment than transformation of institutions in coastal region, on the Contrary, the rate of institutions' contribution ,in inland region, keeps increasingly ,while the human capital descends continuously.Also there is a discovery that the human capital is one of the most important factors influencing the structure of non-agriculture employment's development. Differ from any other factors which influence present a certain variety multifarious motion situation along with time,only human capital do keep a stable increase, and the effect is also strong than insitiutions. Furthermore, the substantial evidence model of dividing the region also demonsrates dual distinguishing contributions in existence between the human capital and transformation of institutions in the coast and the inland ,so we can draw a conclusion that the modes of non-agricultural employment in different regions is obviously different. The mode of coastal area is pushing a type of human capital pursuing tendency, but the mode of inland being of system pushing heavierly, the difference of between two kinds of modes can explain the reason why the non-agricultural employment developing in current is not-balanced4. Empirical analysis of the human capital's influence to the behavior of nonagricultural employers on a micro angle.Contrast to several researches before almost focusing on developing rural regions in middle or west areas dissimilarity, this chapt aims at the outflowing village labor force in the more flourishing east area to probe the non-agricultural employers' behaviors. With a typic investigation drawn by the writer in Jiangsu, contrasting with several researchs conceringly, we wants to find the differeces on the characteristic of non-agricultural employers' behaviors and the probably different effects of human capital among them.Firstly, there exists an obvious difference in the non-agricultural employer's first-time behavior which is caused by the unbalance of non-agricultural employment resources. Compared with less flourishing region ,the flourishing region has much more advantages of non-agriculture employment resources, which may be the local non-agricultural industry(such as rural enterprise), also is it a kind of labor service resource in brand formed by a long historic period, this paper is concerning of the later. It thinks that all behaviors and characteristic from village-labor force's first non-agricultural employment in flourishing region have much to do with the functtion and influence of non-agricultural employment resources. For example: compared with the outflowing labor in less flourishing regions ,the villagers in flourishing regions who pursuing non-agricultural employment at first time may have a balance in personal characteristics in developed area ,such as age, sex and marriage...etc, and the flowing aim being much complex,the choice of occupation being highly concentration, the flowing area being diverse, and so on. Furthermore,the non- agriculture employer's behavior of characteristic have also much more to do with the condition of oneself's human capital.Secondly, the human capital influences the again flowing employer's behaviors. The paper chooses to carry on substantial evidence analysis according to the method of Logistic model finding that, at aspect of choice of whethering flow again (replacing a job), the rural outfrowing labor in flourishing region may be a active choice;at aspect of the reason why flowing, although economic condition (felling the income gap) remains the most important factor , the human capital become an inner factor influencing employer's behavior. The outflowing labors are more and more installing themselves' labor-force resources by a certain human capitalization, pursuing the human capital returns become the basis of labor's price and the criteria of behaviors,which can partly explain the reason why "the shortage of rural non-agricultural labor" come into being; At the aspect of the composions of human capital, the influence of work-age to non-agricultural employment is biggest, the more long of work-ages, the more big rate of flowing again;then,the influence of healthy is a lit bigger, while education and training have less influences to outflowing again;furthermore, the characteristics of non-agricultural occupation on sample area cause to a bigger influence in period of outflowing again than that of first flowing; Moreover, personal characteristic and existing work condition etc. are also the important factors that influence to the choice of outflowing labor's behaviors.Thirdly, at the aspect of the choice of whether "continuing in the outside" or "returning to hometown to start a business", the human capital is the remarkablly important factor that promotes the rural labor force return back to start a business.The rural labor force's human capitals being accumulatde by experiences of out working, can help strengthening himselfs abilities, such as knowledge, information, technique and the capital...etc,which provide a good outside condition for villager to start a business.Above all, the human capital can contribute to the improvement egress to improve the intelligent mode and the ability of decision, which can realize themselves turning the role from"general worker" to "manager", and provide an important inside condition toward the behavior transformation for starting a business. In the composions of human capital, the work-age is still the much more important factor that promotes the labor force return to village to start a business, but on this stage, educate plays an significant part on village to start a business;Certainly the good condition and environment to start a business also is also essential which can encourage person to start a business.Finally, the human capital also help promoting the growth of non-agricultural employer's income.This paper researchs the rate of return on education and work-age according to the method of Mincer-Mode,and the result is that, in the sample region,the non-agricultural labor force's educational rate of return is 11.62%, among them male is 12.348%, female is 11.3%;but the work age rate of return, total is 7.703%, among them, male is 8.005%;female is 7.214%. In a word, educate rate of return is bigger than the work age, but the male exceed the female;Comparing with any other researches, we find that the rate of income of non-agriculture labor force's human capital on the eastern flourishing region is far larger than that on less flourishing region.5. Realizing the strategy of inner human-capital-driven mode is the basic path that sustains a long effect of the rural non-agricultural employment's development. On basis of a certain "double virtuous cycle" according of the macro as well as the micro view, the development strategy of inner human capital driven mode can promote the increase of villager's non-agricultural income, the human capital investment, the mode of human-capital-driven's non-agricultural employment development and the growth of non-agricultural economy. Under this strategy, regardless the human capital or non-agricultural employment will all acquire a long stable growth, and each other existing a relation with dynamic state mutually, it can also form a type of heading up spiral development situation. But,to realize the important strategic transformation, it can not get away from corresponding exterior system environment and system supported. At present,several steps must be taken to wipe out the various barriers of systems and institutions, such as, boosting reforms to economic transformion, supporting the increase of investment and accumulation of villager's human capital,ensuring the return of non-agricultural employer's human capital and providing good service to the development of non-agricultural employment.
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