Occupational Differentiation. In The Process Of Market-oriented Farmers And The Public Of The Study

The Urbanization process of the farmer need three stages generally, that is : the first step ,The rural labor force turn to non-farmer and then with the Occupational stratification and dividing the work of society, they become a new estate . The second step is to migrate to urban and looking for the appropriate development opportunity. The third is to settle in urban, and then the migration process and urbanization are finish. Current status of our country is: lots of farmers in developed area of our country accomplished the first step, some accomplished the second step and to the third step , it is very difficult to be accomplished in special land system and household register systems of our country , so fewer can accomplish the third step that means they abandon the right of managing the land and settled in urban and then have the harmonious life like the citizen .The urbanization is a process of explore which was carried out by farmer . In this process, someone succeed and someone failed. Well then, what is the internality reason? If the analysis to this problem was neglect, we cannot give out the clear answer to the urbanization of our country.Although, the theory of the development economics make huge contribution in our study of the moving of surplus labor force and migration between the rural and urban. But there is great differentiation between the background of development economics classic theories and the concrete status of our country. Though local scholar's thorough research had abundant fruit, which was made on rural surplus labor force migration in our country and farmer stratification and urbanization, the research which regard the hole process of urbanization as the study object was less. Therefore, based on the occupation stratification, this paper will analysis the farmer in different step in this process and we expect to investigate a way of labor force migration which adapts the our country's status.This research is divided into four parts mainly : the first part (including chapter two) is the literature review. Firstly, this part looks back the classic theories of labor force migration and social stratification, then we describes the researches of labor force migration and social stratification made by the Chinese and Foreign scholar from six aspect. With the review, we know that the surplus labor force move still between the rural and urban like a pendulum. The factors which affect their move concentrate on the individual factor mainly, but to different groups the conclusion is different. Different academic domain have the different research contents: economist emphasized how to distribute the labor force resources availably, so that the study concentrate on the move from farmer to non-farmer. Moreover, the sociologist emphasized the farmer stratification and the living condition of farmer who engaged the non-farm job in urban. There are less literature to take the whole process of migrating as the study content. The second part (chapter 3) is the whole describe to the occupation migration of farmer. At this part, this paper firstly analyzes the changes in farmers' earliest jobs, present jobs and future career expectations, especially their non-farming transforming process and tendency. The influence to the structure of the occupation engaged by farmer is analysis also. The results indicate that: the first job the farmer took are migrant worker and hire labor. A lot of farmers have changed their occupation to the higher prestige occupation and being stabile from their earliest ones after a familiar period. In this process, the migrant workers and the hire labor are a link between the low-tier occupation and high-tier occupation. In the process of transformation from earliest jobs to present jobs, lots of farmers changed their occupation. But only a fewof them have achieved their career expectations. Therefore, the non-farming transforming process will slow down in the future. Taking one with another, the occupation migration make the occupation structure been more reasonable.In the third part, the main content are : we describe the character of the farmer in different step , the reason to make their decision (include :select non-farm occupation , return to rural and settle in urban), the factor which influence the decision in the three phase that are the select the non-farmer occupation , the advance willingness of they stratifying and settling in urban. This part include chapter 4, chapter 5 and chapter 6.In chapter 4, the process and the related contents of farmer selecting the non-farmer occupation after they extricating from the land are analyzed. The conclusion indicate that "hukou" is the main factor which influence farmer select the non-farmer career. Before and after the household register system becoming flexible, the non-farmer occupation structure and the way they find non-farmer changed. Notonly increase the income but also save money to wive and to accumulate the fund forthe later development are the main reason of farmer to finding a non-farm job .The central factors which block the farmer to finding non-farm job are their family status, and in those factors, the most important is that their parent and children need to be care. Whereas, the citizen's discrimination can't become the factor which block the fanner to find non-farmer job.The further willingness of stratification of farmer who engage the non-farmer job is studied in chapter 5. We analyzed some farmer's decision who returned to rural or settled in urban. The conclusion are : The reason of return to rural and being a farmer again is similar with the reason of being fanner all along and parent and children needing to be care is the most important . The occupation that the return farmer engage is remarkable related with the career before they come back. Lots of them is not investor but the farmer. The conclusion to the analysis of the willingness that whether they settled in urban or not are: some of variable such as region, whether or not join the army, the kind of family, literature and age affect the settlement willingness mostly. The elder farmer who have non-farmer job present the strong willing to settle in urban. Because the elder people have accumulated more wealth and experience that are the qualification to settle in urban.In chapter 6, we discuss the decision of the farmer who have the non-farm job to settle in urban. The character of those farmer are: they are elder and have accumulated some money and some social relation and their literacy are higher. The notable factor which affect their settlement decision are sex, literacy, the marriage status, the social relation and hukou. The career they engaged before they settled in urban, also affect their settlement decision notably. Migration workers, self-employed workers, manager of village, owner of enterprise have the higher probability of settling in urban. From the occupation they engaged, we can see that nearly 1/3 is owner of enterprise, so we deduce that increasing the income is not their purpose to settle in urban but to pursue the higher standard of living and get the better educated chance. At the end of this chapter, how to live in harmony with the citizen is analyzed simply.The forth part, include the chapter 7, is the part of conclusion and suggestion of this paper. After summarizing all content of this paper, some suggestion are put forward.