The Empirical Research On Zhejiang's Labor Employment Characteristics

The problem of employment is a major global problem, and many countries are beset with it. China is a country with a large population and rich in labor resources, but the per-capita quantity of the resources is relative scarce, so contradiction in employment becomes more prominent than those in other countries. At present, China is in the economic transition period, the economic restructuring result in a large number of laid-off workers, while the increase in agricultural productivity liberate vast multitudes of agricultural labor who pour into the city, both of which make the difficult employment situation even more severe. At this stage, contradictions in employment between the demand of full employment and the excessive supply as well as the low quality of labor and adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure have become the important restrictive factors of regional economic development. Zhejiang as a province with a rapid economic growth, is on its own special way to solving the problem of employment, making achievements, as well as building a good employment environment which is not only attract rural migrant workers'employment, but also talents at home and abroad. In recent years, several cities in Zhejiang suffer a serious shortage of mechanics. Meanwhile, the graduates and the workers without skills in these cities have difficulty in being employed. As a result, there is a structural contradiction in both vacancy and unemployment. However, there has been serious"shortage of skilled workers"in all parts of Zhejiang, at the same time the graduates who have no professional skill can not find suitable jobs, so there is a phenomenon that job vacancies and unemployment coexist which reflect the structural contradictions.To solve the employment problem is linked to the success of socialist and harmonious society construction. There is unbalanced economic development in different areas, bur this areas have their unique characteristics respectively, so employment contradiction is also different. Solving the employment problem should be based on the status and characteristics of economic development and main contradiction of employment in different areas and, considering environment, resources and other factors, so as to realize the sustainable development of regional economyFor a long time, most researches on employment problem of China focus on the cyclical unemployment aroused by the shortage of total labor demand, and the researches on employment problem of Zhejiang are no exception. Therefore, when we discuss the solution of employment problem, we consider how to increase labor demand or reduce labor supply more than improve the quality of labor supply. Currently the studies on this subject have been carried out, among which, the majority is based on providing countermeasures, and little persuasive empirical researches have been made so far. The paper aims to provide convincing evidence through the empirical study on the employment characteristics in Zhejiang Province that the principal contradiction of employment is structural unemployment aroused by the inadaptation between labor quality and industrial structure adjustment rather than the cyclical unemployment induced by inadequate demand.Focusing on examining the existing employment problems in Zhejiang province from the angle of global economic integration and macro-economy, this paper analyzes characteristics of employment growth in the process of economic growth, characteristics of employment structure in the course of industrial structure evolution as well as employment characteristics result in demand-determined and supply-restrained in Zhejiang by applying the methods of input-output accounting, contribution of production factors and normative and positive analysis on the basis of the theories of Economic Growth and Employment, Industrial Structure, Input-output Accounting. By researching, the following innovative conclusions can be found: (1) the pulling impact of economic growth on employment of Zhejiang depends on the improvement of workforce's quality, (2) the "2-3-1" structure of employment in Zhejiang Province will last for longer period, (3) the structural unemployment is a principal contradiction of the employment in Zhejiang. The paper then proposes that Zhejiang Province should commence a systematic project of workforce education and training on the basis of"employment priority"economic growth mode.The paper is composed of seven chapters.Chapter one: introduction. This chapter mainly presents the background, researching purpose and meanings; briefly summarizes the domestic and international research status; and states the research thinking, methods and possible innovations.Chapter two: concept definition and theoretical foundation. After defining the related concepts, this chapter reviews relevant theories of the employment, and general law that industrial structure development, and input-output accounting theory of industry employment ability to offer the theoretical foundation for follow-up study.Chapter three: The characteristics of employment growth in the process of economic growth in Zhejiang province. Based on the research on the relationship among economic growth rate, urban registered jobless rate and employment growth rate in Zhejiang, this chapter applies the method of production factors'contribution to calculate the labor employment's contribution rate to economic growth in Zhejiang including the labor employment's contribution rate to gross output and industrial employment's contribution rate to output for three times respectively. Then, according to the characteristics of advanced non-state-owned economy in Zhejiang province, this paper explores discuss on the relationship between the non-state-owned economy and employment growth, and concludes that the high economic growth rate does not bring out higher employment growth rate in conformity with it. It is obvious that whether for the contribution rate of labor employment to entire economy or for the contribution rate of labor employment to non-state-owned economy, the pull effects of economy growth on employment is low.Chapter four: The characteristics of employment structure in the process of industrial structure changing in Zhejiang province. On the basis of reviewing change situation of industrial structure, characteristics of industrial employment of the industrial structure's evolvement, this chapter concludes production value structure the changes in industrial structure and structural characteristics of industrial and regional employment in that changes, which results in the output structure's probably staying in the state of"second, third, first"for a long time, the deviation's improving between industrial and employment structure and both gradually approaching to equilibrium in Zhejiang.Chapter five: The demand-determined employment characteristics. This chapter discusses the employment characteristics of Zhejiang Province from three perspectives: labor demand tendency, ability of industry employment and labor market structure. A demand-determined model of employment of Zhejiang Province is proposed on the basis of above analysis.Chapter six: The supply-restrained employment characteristics. This chapter analyzes the supply-restrained employment characteristics of Zhejiang Province from labor demographic situation and labor supply tendency.Chapter seven: Conclusions and countermeasures. This chapter summarizes the conclusions and solutions on the basis of the researches in chapter three to six.