Environment And Economic Sustainable Development In China

The research on the sustainable utilization of resource, environmental protection and the sustainable development problem of China has already become an important subject of the economic educational circles. Just based on it, the paper take the sustainable development as the thread, by the modern economic growth theory and the econometric and statistical methods, study the follwing themes from the angles of theory, model and experience. They are such as the relation between energy, environment and the economic growth, the ecological burden state under the current economic growth style, and the implementing effect of the enery-conservation and pollutant-reduction policy on the economic and social sustainable development. According to this, we analyze the development strategies of the energy development and utilization, envoirmental protection and the economic sustainable development.Firstly, the paper reviews and summarizes the theory on the economic gowth, sustainable development or ecological carrying capacity. Then we summarize and evaluate the recently domestic and international research results on the economic gowth, sustainable development or ecological carrying capacity, so as to supply the theory background and analysis foundation to the following deep research.In recent years numerous literatures have each analyzed the economical sustainable development under the restrain of energy or environment. Not only the literature that brings energy, environment, and economic growth into the same analysis frame has been still rare, but also few scholars have made the comparative analysis on the society-planned equilibrium and the market-economy equilibrium of the economical sustainability progress model under the double restrain of energy and environment. So, we bring the energy and environment into a frame of analyzing in unison, through the comparative analysis on the three economical sustainability models, such as the new and classical growth model, the endogenous one based on human resource capital accumulation, and the endogenous one based on R&D, to study systematically the inherent relation between on the sustainable utilization of energy, the environmental pollution and administration, the capital accumulation of goods and materials, the capital development of manpower, the endogenous technological progress and the economic sustainable development. We conclude that the R&D and the investment of manpower capital have key effect on economic sustainable development. Besides, we make the comparative analysis on the policy tools belong to the society-planned equilibrium and the market-economy equilibrium of the economical sustainability growth model, and analyze the realistic meaning of tools. Through the analysis described above we prove that it is necessary for the government to intervene and control economic in order to adjust the fraction economy to reach the social optimum sustainable growth state.On the basis of the former theory analysis, we make full use of the time-series data from 1983 to 2007 of China and conclude that there is the co-integration relation between the economic growth, energy-consuming and environmental pollution in China. Then we make the panel data model to calculate the contribution rate of the material capital, energy consumption to the economic progress since the reform and opening-up is respectively 41.16% and 20.75%, while the cost caused by the environment pollution is 22.05 percent of GDP. It indicates that the economic growth of our country mainly depends on the factor input, which is the extensive one, and the economic fast growth is taking serious environmental pollution as cost.The theory of ecological carrying capacity is the support of the sustainable development theory, which has been extensively applied. We make the evaluation index system of ecological carrying capacity from the environment contain-dirty ability, resource-supply ability and mankind-support ability, decide every index weight through the integrated method that is composed of the qualitative and quantitative methods of weight distribution, and make the space law of the state to evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of China and its different provinces from 2003 to 2008. We conclude that the ecological carrying capacity of our country is overburdened; the mankind-support ability develops fast while the environment contain-dirty ability and resource-supply ability develops slowly, in which the resource-supply ability is below the the national ecology carrying level. Besides, the restraint of resource, deterioration of ecological environment and the reduction of bearing capacity have more and more been the bottleneck restricting socio-economic development.To resolve the above problems, the Chinese government proposed further strengthening energy-conservation and pollutant-reduction. So we make the index system of energy-conservation and pollutant-reduction from the consumption intensity and structure of energy, the utilization and saving of water resources, disposal of pollutants, the cure and comprehensive utilization of pollutants and environmental quality. Then we decide every index weight through the integrated method that is composed of the qualitative and quantitative methods of weight distribution. We evaluate the realization degree of energy-conservation and pollutant-reduction from 2003 to 2008 with making full use of the factor analysis method and the efficiency coefficient method, and finally compares the conclusion each other from 2003 to 2004, through both the methods. On the basis we have a correct and scientific evaluation on it. We find that the overall realization degree of energy-conservation and pollutant-reduction is still low although the process has been rapidly improved; the different fields have made progress constantly. Meanwhile, there is the characteristic of the disparate development among the areas. According to the section goal, it exists that the realization degree of indexes such as the cure and comprehensive utilization of pollutants, the utilization and saving of water resources is better than that of the consumption intensity and structure of energy, environmental quality.Combing with the Chapter 4th, compared with the process of 2003-2005, the implementation of the policy of energy-conservation and pollutant-reduction since 2006 has made the ecologyical capacity of China improved, but it relies in mainly the progresss on the mankind-support ability as the same time the environment contain-dirty ability, resource-supply ability has been more slowly improved. It indicates that the effect on the economic sustainable development by the policy has not been obvious.