Studies On The Impact Factors Of The Peasant Workers' Returning To Hometown To Venture In The Underdeveloped Areas In Central China

The key to Chinese modernization lies in the countryside modernization, its difficulty also lies in the countryside modernization. The Central China connecting the east and the west is an important strategic position. The"rising in Central China"has been a national strategy from the local strategy for China's well-off society construction. To realize the"rising in Central China", the key is the development of the underdeveloped rural areas. And the rural economic and social development, the ascension of the countryside modernization level not only relies on the external forces, but also depends on the internal forces. At present, in the rural areas of China, especially in the vast Midwest rural areas, the reality is: the most capable people in rural areas, the rural elites and the young rural labor forces go out work, the quality and ability of the peasants left in the countryside is worrying. Therefore, an important way to use the internal force is to give full use of the positive role of peasants workers. The six provinces in central China are major agricultural provinces, there are more rural populations, and also is a major exporter of rural labor forces, the peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture is also more active. Therefore, on one hand, we must positively promote the transfer and employment of surplus rural labor forces, on the other hand, we also should actively encourage, guide and support the peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture. The peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture is a rational behavior of their capital, technology, experience, management, information, ideas and other business factors accumulated to a certain degree, a certain stage of the development of labor economy, and an objective socio-economic phenomenon. However, this phenomenon encountered a number of disputes and difficulties at its beginning. What's the theoretical framework of the peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture? What are the impact factors of the peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture? What is the mechanism of their influences? What is the degree and direction of their influences? How to encourage, guide and support the peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture? etc. These questions are worthy of our further research. Based on the synthesis of literature study, investigates and interviews on the spot, questionnaires, case analysis, comparison research, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis etc., this paper, taking Ganzhou area of Jiangxi Province as an example, empirically analyses the peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture and its impact factors of the underdeveloped areas in central China. Main contents and conclusions of the full text are as follows:First, based on the analysis of the common entrepreneurial characteristics, combining the characteristics of peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture, this paper defines it as: an activity of the peasant workers'returning to his/her counties (towns or cities) to create a variety of economic entities or organizations, engaged in various non-agricultural industry activities or to expand existing production scale to achieve the wealth increase and to seek self-development. So the forms of the peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture induce six: to expand the existing production scale; to be engaged in agricultural development or agricultural products processing; to organize household sideline production; to be engaged in special breeding and planting; to found all sizes and all forms of enterprises; to establish the specialized rural economic cooperative organizations, to be a farmers agent, or a village cadres.Second, based on the research of the entrepreneurial mechanism and entrepreneurial process models, with the combination of behavioral science theory, it constructs the theoretical framework of the peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture. The occurrence of entrepreneurial behavior is a complex and dynamic process. In this process, a country or a region's economic, political, social and cultural atmosphere affects the personality characteristics of peasant workers and the entrepreneurial environment. The peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture is the result of the interaction between individual factors and the external environment factors. The peasant workers with the entrepreneurial personality will identify the entrepreneurial opportunities in the appropriate entrepreneurial environment, generate the entrepreneurial motivation, strong entrepreneurial motivation leads to the occurrence of entrepreneurial behavior and results in entrepreneurial results.Third, based on the theoretical framework, combining with the research about the entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial environment and the characteristics of the peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture, it proposes the impact factors: individual factors and environmental factors. Individual factors include gender, age, education, health, marital status, years of migrating, management capacity, professional skills, entrepreneurial motivation and attitude towards risk, it embodies the entrepreneurial ability of peasant workers; and environmental factors mainly include the financial support, entrepreneurship policies, entrepreneurship training, skills training, the availability of natural resources, the infrastructure, economic development levels, social culture and the ancillary industries, which affect the entrepreneurial opportunities and the identification and utilization of entrepreneurial opportunities by the peasant workers. This paper has carried on the theoretical analysis to the mechanism of each factor.Fourth, it empirically analyses the impact factors of the peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture in Ganzhou area by using chi-square test and logistic model based on the inductive analysis about the characteristics of it. The result shows that the main impact factors are: age, professional skills, marital status, years of migrating, skills training, management capacity, relatives and friends loans, loans from regular financial institutions, the accessibility of natural resources, entrepreneurial motivation and the attitude towards risk. However, gender, education, health, entrepreneurship training, entrepreneurship policies, the infrastructure, the ancillary industries, economic development levels, social culture etc. they have no significant impacts on the peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture.Fifth, this paper proposes some policy recommendations for all levels of the government of the underdeveloped areas in central China to encourage, guide and support the peasant workers'returning to hometown to venture. The main policy recommendations include: to increase the effective supply of rural finance, innovate on financial services in rural areas, expand financing channels of rural entrepreneurship; to enhance the relevant and practical skills training of peasant workers; to carry out entrepreneurship education in rural areas, strengthen the peasant workers'entrepreneurial training, improve the success rate of entrepreneurship; to improve the accessibility of entrepreneurial place, land etc. resources, resolve their difficulties; to create a favorable atmosphere for rural entrepreneurship, optimize the entrepreneurial environment; at the same time, it is necessary for the peasant workers to cultivate the entrepreneurial motivation, change the traditional, backward and conservative ideas, enhance the entrepreneurial qualities and abilities. Only in this way can we foster a new entrepreneurial farmer, construct a new entrepreneurial rural, form a basic pattern of"expanding the employment by entrepreneurship, promoting the entrepreneurship by employment"in the underdeveloped rural areas in central China, to improve employment multiplier effects by entrepreneurship, constantly to promote rural economic and social development, accelerate the construction of new socialist countryside and promote the modernization process of rural areas.