The Economic Effect Analysis Of The Urban Rail Transit System

With the acceleration of urban rail transit construction, its network configuration became complicated and studying the economic benefit of the system can not only promote its serving and efficiency ability to passenger transportation as to match the balance between supplies and demands, but also can optimize and reasonably allocate its recourses as to realize the combinatorial optimization and overall planning of the system, so as to promote its social economic benefits. Based on that, this paper defines the boundary for the economic benefits of urban rail transit system and studies the economic benefits from four aspects which are rational scale of networks, rational system selection of system and vehicle facilities, ticket system and pricing, and operation planning.1. Based on the definition of urban comprehensive passenger transportation system and urban rail transit system, this paper elaborates the necessity for the planning and construction of urban rail transit system from three angles which are demands, supplies and system structures. With the definition of the service objects and function orientation for urban rail transit system, this paper points out that the double attributes of the system which are the transportation attribute and economic benefits attribute. And it points out that attentions should be paid on structure optimization of urban comprehensive passenger transportation system and the overall planning of urban comprehensive transit when it comes to promote the transportation attribute of urban rail transit system. Meanwhile, attentions should be paid on the study of rational economic scales, the ticket system and pricing and operation planning when it comes to promote the economic attribute of urban rail transit system, so as to accelerate the economic and social benefits of the system.2. This paper defines the boundary of the urban rail transit networks’rational economic scale and analyzes the meaning for network scale rationality. Then it puts forward that it should study the rationality of system’s network rational economic scale from three aspects which are necessity, feasibility and irreplaceability. With those backgrounds, this paper introduces the thought of system engineering and builds the structure model of affection factors. And three models about rational scales are built from the angle of passenger demands, operating managers and social economic systems. And its study should take the system structure and trip structure of urban transportation system into consideration. Besides, to fix the result of system scale, consideration should be taken on the facts that whether the sets of max section of passenger flow can meet the single-way max section of passenger flow at peak hours in the long-term plan, when decision is made on main trip tracks.3. In this article, passenger traffic characteristics are chosen as the basic of the selection of types, focusing on system capacity and economy, establishing the whole process of the selection of rational vehicles based on the systems economics and proposing a model of vehicle equipment selection based on economics. Then the conclusion that vehicle equipment types in the whole urban rail transit system cannot be determined by status information and anticipated data directly and completely is reached, pointing out ideas and views that rational vehicle equipment types are determined by phased decisions should be established.4. Products of urban railway transportation systems are displacement of seats. Rational ticket system and price for systems are the process that matches passenger demands and system capabilities. Elasticity relationships between prices and demands, economic and social benefits of different ticket price developments are analyzed on the basis of definition of products of urban railway transportation systems and rational prices and influential factors, proposing that tickets developments should cover several stages, and travellers’anticipated tickets prices match the Nash equilibrium progress with tickets prices developments decided by decision makers. By analyzing "approach-sharing" relationship in urban comprehensive passenger transportation corridor and the sensitivity of price and demand, this paper points out that mode splits of passengers are determined by vectors describing their own characteristics, vectors describing characteristics of transportations’modes and multi-dimensional feature vectors, in order to establish model for ticket system and price based on considerations of economic.5. On the basis of the definition of the content areas about urban rail transit operations planning and analyzing influential factors about operation planning, combining with arguments for some economics analysis (such as rational grouping scheme, choosing a rational trains cross-road, transport capacity, configuration, tickets sorting etc.), observation for passenger volumes analysis on system operation planning and the ideas of system grouping model with stage adaptations, this paper builds a multi-objective optimization model about the best grouping based on matching the demand and supply with the largest benefits of operating companies.In summary, economic analysis of urban rail transit systems includes urban rail transit system property analysis, rational economy scale of nets, system selection, tickets system and pricing, operation planning and other related issues, which are researched deeply in this article. It provides a theoretical basis for urban rail transit system decision or planning and the improvements of the benefits of operating companies.