The Research Of Water Resource Sustainable Utilization In Manas River Basin

Water is the basis natural resource of human survival and development. Water resources has evolvedinto society "bottleneck" with the population growth and economic and social rapid development, severelyrestricts a local, national and global development. Water problem has become the primary resource andenvironmental issues of the21st century, which is the world of common concern. In order to change thewater resources shortage and unsustainable status, improve the people’s living standards, ensure thecoordinated development of ecological environment, resources and socio-economic system, we must lookfor a new development concepts and models, and the sustainable development has become an inevitablechoice. As a basis natural resources and strategic economic resource, water resource sustainable utilizationis the important guarantee of national economical and social sustainable development.Manas River Basin located in the southern margin of the Xinjiang Junggar basin in northern slope ofTianshan Mountains, which is an representative inland river basin of Xinjiang and the northwest aridregions. Manas River Basin has been reclaimed to the largest oasis farming area in Xinjiang and the fourthlargest irrigated agricultural area in China. Manas River Basin is a typical representative basin due to thenatural environment characteristics and socio-economic development in Xinjiang oases. River basin waterresources support the development of regional economy and the improvement of people’s living standards.At the same time, water resources excessive use, agricultural water resources ratio isoverweight.Agricultural water resources crowd industrial water and domestic water, living water resourcesis diverted. The contradiction between supply and demand is increasingly sharp. The problem ofunderground water level declines, vegetation degradation, shrinking of lakes, land desertification andsalinization etc, threaten the sustainable development of river basin, which threaten the survival of the localpeople. How to rational use water resources to meet people-water-ecology and harmonious developmentis the core of sustainable development. Add the virtual water in the river basin water resources sustainableutilization research in view of the present study is insufficient. There are some countermeasures andsuggestions including the water resources management system,the industrial structure optimization andother aspects.Firstly, This paper introduces the overview of Manas River basin, including the natural environment,social and economic development situation, water resources situation, hydraulic situation, use of waterresources. Then evaluate Manas River Basin Water Resources Sustainable utilization levels. The evaluationindex system constructed from the three aspects of water resources systems, socio-economic system and theecological environment system. Virtual water is introduced in to evaluate the water resources with solidwater. Summarized the problems in Manas River Basin water resources sustainable utilization based on theevaluation results and analyze the main affecting factors. Propose the system optimization andcorresponding countermeasures of Manas River Basin water resources sustainable utilization drawing onresearch experience at home and abroad.In this paper, the main conclusions are as follows:(1) Manas River basin water resources structure isirrational. The proportion of agricultural water is too high. Water resources management units is difficult tocoordinate and exsit profit-seeking behavior. Democratic participation is lack. Agricultural water prices islow which can not compensate for supply costs.(2) Water resources sustainable utilization level decreasegradually.The weight of virtual water output is highest, indicating that virtual water is the biggest impactfactors on the water resources sustainable utilization in Manas River basin. Virtual water content of cottonis the maximum, virtual water content of vegetables is the minimum. Crop Unit virtual water contentgradually decreased, but the overall increase. Much water in the basin transfer out by way of virtual water,which generate greater pressure to water resources sustainable utilization.(3) The main affecting factors ofwater resources sustainable utilizationinclude: virtual water output, three industrial structure and theinternal structure of agriculture, sewage treatment rate, water rights management system, the water pricemanagement systems and water resources management system.(4) Water management system is the important impact factors of water resources sustainable utilization. Idefinition and allocation of water rightsis the basis for the water resources sustainable utilization. Water rights allocation priority order is: domesticwater, ecology water and process water. The new tariff management mechanism is a way to achieve waterresources sustainable management. Establish different tariff and price fluctuations between the agriculturalresources, industrial resources, life resources and green resources, such as the implementation mechanismof the post season. The current water price is lower, increase the range of agricultural tariff gradually iseffective economic means in the farmer affordability.There are contradictions between managementagencies, administrative authorities and other regional bodies wading of administrative. Implementwatershed management and regional management tightly integrated way drawing on the experience athome and abroad in the present stage to further strengthen communication and coordination. Whenconditions are ripe, you can consider the establishment of an integrated river basin management committeeof Manas, which reference the Tennessee River basin management.(5) Another important affecting factorof Manas River basin water resources sustainable utilization is the industrial structure. Agriculture accountsfor large proportion, which is the major water users. Optimizing the structure of the three industries canrealize the rational allocation of water resources in the basin. The virtual water resources output is thebiggest factor of water system, Optimizing agricultural structure based on the virtual water convection is aneffective way to achieve sustainable utilization of water resources.This article also has many disadvantages: Selecte intervals for a period of five years of data only asdata collection difficulties, the continuity of data must be missing. The virtual water calculation of the mainlivestock of the basin is difficult to obtain due to the calculation data, the introduction of reference the otherscholars’ research results may be some differences in the results with the basin. Some effective indicatorshas not selected to the sustainable i ndicators because of interoperability. Theoretical basis is to be furtherimproved.