Clinical Diagnosis Of Common Neoplastic Diseases In Dogs

The statistical results of canine tumours showed that this disease and the incidence of this diseases had a rising trend year by year, and at present, tumour incidence in national population show a similar rising trend year by year. In addtion, the total cases of tumor are rising, more and more rare tumor and newly discovered tumor have been reported, the reason of which may be related to environmental pollution and the quality of dog food. The tumor pathological changes of small animal and human are similar. Therefore, the study of dog tumors not only provides reference for small animal clinic, but also shows a great significance in comparative medicine. The tumor diseases of part of animal hospital in Kunming region were selected in this paper, and were conducted with detailed analysis of disease occurrence. The breast tumor and lymphatic sarcoma were carried on clinical diagnostics research through cytology, physiological and biochemical indexes of blood, pathological histology and immunohistochemical. Furthermore, the value of tumor markers in the diagnosis of canine tumor were discussed.1. Clinical analysis of canine tumor disease in Kunming region378 cases of canine tumor choosen from 2009 to December 2014, were carried on disease occurrence analysis based on the clinical data. These cases were clected from five small animal hospitals in Kunming city, among which 179 were males, female 199 cases,1-16 years old. All these cases were diagnosed as tumor diseases by clinical, radiographic, and histologic examination, tumor types are classified according to the results of the histologic examination. The results showed that canine tumor trended to increasing year by year according to the annual statistics. The confirmed cases in 2014 was 5.2 times that of 2009. This may be related to the increasing number of dog and the improvement of diagnosis and treatment level. The breeds of dog which sufferred frome this disease were numerous, but there were no significant difference between varieties. This may be associated with many dog breeds raised in Kunming. Female dogs were susceptible to breast cancer and urinary tract tumors, especially most cases of breast cancer had occurred in the female dogs. The occurrence of skin, soft tissue and digestive tract tumor had no significant gender differences. The incidence of skin and soft tissue tumor was the highest, breast cancer was the second, respectively accounted for 43.9% and 25.4% of the total tumor incidence. Canine tumors mainly occurred in 5 to 14 age group, but the tumor disease presented in most parts of body have occurred at the age of 4 or less ages.2. Clinical diagnosis of breast tumor in dogs65 cases of canine breast tumor choosen from Kunming small animal hospital were applied to do the research of clinical diagnostic methods. These cases were received and cured from August 2009 to December 2014, they are all female,3-16 years old, the average age of 8.7 years. The sickness dogs were mainly conducted with clinic and X-ray examination, the determination of blood physiological and biochemical indexes, histologic examination. The results showed that the average of measured index were within the normal range, but in some cases, some indicators decreased, including RBC, Hb, HCT, MCH, serum TP and ALB; some indicutors increased, such as the WBC, NEU, LYM, activities of CK and other indicators, compared with the reference value. The common benign breast tumor classified by histological changes are fibrosarcoma, adenoma or benign stromal tumor. Generally, the cell differentiation was good, there’s no obvious atypia, and structure of which were similar to surrounding tissue. But these larger cells formed the structure of mammary gland flocculus and breast duct. The cell differentiation of malignant tumor were poor, structure of which were not similar to the surrounding tissue. There was obvious pleomorphism, and the nuclei of some cells were split. All data suggested that the diagnosis of canine breast tumor should be established on the basis of system clinical examination. The condition of the body could be diagnosed and determined better by biopsy or pathological histology observation, combining with the determination of blood physiological and biochemical indexes, x-rays examination.3. Application of cytology and immunohistochemical examination in diagnosis of canine breast tumor15 cases of spontaneous canine breast cancer were choosen to do the examination of blood and fine needle puncture the udder cell. After biopsy or surgical removal of tumor, tumor histological section was conducted with immunohistochemical staining, circulating tumor cells (CTC) was detected by flow cytometry. We discussesed the relationship between these indicators and the canine breast tumor prognosis. The results showed that, when number of heteromorphosis circulation cells in dog peripheral blood is over 5%, CK19 were positive, number of circulating tumor cells (CTCS) detected by flow cytometry are higher than 5, canine breast tumor showed poor prognosis. There was a certain correlation between number of heteromorphosis circulation cell and prognosis of tumor. CK19 positive were correlated with tumor size. The positive rate detected by flow cytometry are associated with poor prognosis.4. Application of tumor markers in the diagnosis of canine tumors72 cases of breast tumor, lymphatic sarcoma, skin and soft tissue tumors and the digestive tract tumor in dogs were choosen to separate the serum. The content of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA153), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) were detected. The results showed that the most of serum tumor markers in four tumor group were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), only the CA153 levels in lymphosarcoma sickness dog showed no significant difference (P>0.05), compared with the control group. The positive rate of serum CEA, CA125, CA153, AFP content in breast cancer detection were more than 30%. The positive rate of serum CA199 content in skin and soft tissue tumors and the digestive tract tumor was more than 30%. But the positive rate of single parameter detection was not high, the highest detection was that determination of content of AFP checked 9 cases of positive skin and soft tissue tumor, the positive rate of tumor detection was 39.13%. Combining five indicators,33 cases of positive neoplasia were detected, the positive rate of tumor detection was 45.83%. These results indicated that combining multiple tumor markers in clinical examination can significantly improve the positive rate of tumor diseases.5. Clinical diagnosis of lymphatic sarcoma in dogs15 cases of canine lymphatic sarcoma were treated with the clinical and X-ray film examination, blood physiological and biochemical index determination, cytology, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. The results showed that most sickness dogs were positively pigment, cell anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Lymphocytes increase in the number is not obvious, there were abnormal lymphocytes in the circulating blood of some cases.9 cases of serum calcium content were elevated in 15 cases of sickness dog, presenting hypercalcemia. The activity of serum ALT, AST andy-GT in some cases rised significantly, this may be associated with liver damage. Plenty of lymphatic sarcoma cells were found by fine needle aspiration smear of surface lymph node in sickness dog. The histologic changes been observed mainly in the lymph nodes, spleen and liver, but also occured in kidney, digestive tract and other organs. The immune classification of CD3 and CD20 markers can determined the cell types of lymphatic sarcoma, this classification also help in the diagnosis of lymphatic sarcoma. These results suggested that anemia, high calcium levels, liver injury etc. were the characteristic indexes of this disease, and cell types of lymphoma can be determined by immunohistochemical method.