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Citizenzation Of The Second-generation Peasant Workers

Posted on:2010-09-03Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:J L ChengFull Text:PDF
GTID:1226330332985620Subject:Population, resource and environmental economics
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The rural-urban migration is a universal phenomenon emerging in the urbanization and industrialization of developing countries. Compared with developed countries, the rural-urban labor migration in our country represents a unique "China path", which is for rural labor force to transform to peasant workers in the first step, who then transform to urban residents. Therefore, a two-stage migration theory must be applied to the analysis of the rural-urban labor force migration in our country. According to the two-stage migration theory, the citizenization of the vast majority of peasant workers is the ultimate resolution to the issue of peasant workers.At present, the peasant-worker group in our country is no longer homogeneous, in which, significant differentiation has been generated. Peasant workers growing in different times and backgrounds are apparently different from each other in terms of their characteristics. The first and second generation of peasant workers, who were born before and after the 1980s in the 20th century, represent obvious differences in their respective educational background, mindset, and behavior pattern, which play an important role in determining their social identification and life expectations, leading to the outstanding differences in their decision making patterns.As the first generation of peasant workers grow older, they will gradually withdraw from the ranks of peasant workers, leaving the second generation of peasant workers as the mainstay of this team. The higher inclination to become citizens of the second generation of peasant workers makes them to be the most urgent and the easiest group to be citizenized. However, issues such as employment, urban assimilation, social identification confronted by them have posed great challenges for their transformation. So, it is imperative to study the issue of the citizenization of the second generation of peasant workers.Based on the discussion above, the disseration takes the perspective of the generational difference of peasant workers as its starting point, to conduct further study on the citizenization of the second generation of peasant workers. The main contents are circled around the following aspects:Firstly, the generational difference of peasant workers and the differences in individual characteristics of the first and second generation of peasant workers; Secondly, the behavioral decision-making process of the first and second generation of peasant workers; Thirdly, constructing an index system to represent the citizenization process of peasant workers as well as a model to measure this process, with which an empirical analysis on this process is conducted in combination with the analysis on the current situation of the citizenizational process of the second generation of peasant workers;Fourthly, analyzing the institutional obstacles to the process of the citizenization of the second generation of peasant workers; Fifthly, constructing the social service system for assisting the process of the citizenization of the second generation of peasant workers;Sixthly, measures to overcome the obstacles to the process of the citizenization of the second generation of peasant workers and relative inistitutional innovations. Specifically, the paper reads as follows:Chapter 1 concentrates on the description of the institutional transition form the reform and opening up, the background of the emergency and development of the peasant worker group. In this chapter, the theoretical significance of the "two-stage transfer" is analyzed, and relative theories and research achievements in this field are summarized. The research theme is also established in this chapter. Then, relative concepts referred in this paper are defined. At the end of this chapter, the main content, the research method and the innovation made in the thesis are summarized.Chapter 2 concentrates on the trans-generational differences in the peasant workers. By making comparison to the first generation mentioned in Chapter 1, the personality and decision-making behavior of the second generation of peasant workers are emphasized. This chapter firstly analyzes the differences of the second generation of peasant workers from the first generation in seven aspects:growing environment, personal characteristics, motives to go to urban areas, employment, decision-making behavior, ties to hometown and agriculture, adaptability to urban lives, then summarized the new characteristics of the second generation of peasant workers. Due to the differences in motives to go to urban areas, social identification and life expectation, they are different with each other in personal preferences, resulting in significant differences in their decision-making behaviors. In the following, this chapter goes on to analyze their differences in migration decisions, labor supply, employment and social security demand. The analysis demonstrates that factors of urban living costs, institutional costs, and labor discrimination are determinate to the differences of the two generations of peasant workers in terms of their migrant decision; different utility, motivation, growing environment and personal characteristics lead to different supply in labor markets. Based on this, this chapter further analyzes the employment and peasant worker push of the first generation of peasant workers and the employment and peasant worker shortage of the second generation of peasant workers from the perspective of the micro decision-making individual. The survival logic and the career logic of the first and second generation of peasant workers respectively lead to the significant differences in their social security demand, which, in turn, leads to their different decision-making in social security demand.Chapter 3 emphasizes on the citizenization of the second generation of peasant workers. Firstly, from the perspective of the income, occupation, living conditions, urban assimilation, urban adaptation, citizenization desire, self-identification, and future plan for themselves, a general qualitative analysis is conducted. According to the analysis, although the second generation of peasant workers as a whole is similar to certain degree to citizens, and they are prone to be citizenized, due to institutional arrangements such as household register system, employment system, social old-age insurance, their citizenization process is largely hampered. In order to precisely seizing this process, an indication system is established and a measurement model is advanced. On the analysis of current situation, the citizenization process of the second generation of peasant workers is quantified with the indication system. According to the empirical analysis demonstrating that the citizeniztion process of the second generation of peasant workers is at early start phase, relative institutional arrangements and innovations should be conducted to advance this process, which lays the foundation for the suggestions advanced in the following chapters.Chapter 4 emphasizes on the institutional obstacles in the citizenization process of the second generation of peasant workers. The writer integrates a series of institutional arrangements based on Household Register System (HRS) into HRS, forming an analytical frame of "General Household Register System". In addition, the writer defines the obstacle posed by HRS as original institutional obstacle. Following the use of registered residence wall initiated by overseas expert studying China problem, the writer separates the registered residence wall into elomorphous registered residence wall and recessive registered residence wall, then defines their connotation and extension, and makes the conclusion that the recessive registered residence wall constitutes the main factor of the institutional obstacles to the citizenization process of the second generation of peasant workers. The empirical analysis on urban labor market and pension security scheme demonstrates that the division of the urban labor market and the portability loss of the pension security scheme exclude the second generation of peasant workers from the primary labor market and social security net in urban areas. In the end of this chapter, the dissertation analyzed the mechanism and influence of the dual registered residence wall to the citizenization process of the second generation of peasant workers. The dual registered residence wall established barriers of registration institution, employment, resource distribution and allocation, consolidating the self identification of the second generation of peasant workers, hampering the capacity to becoming citizens, raising the cost of becoming citizens, and weakening their will of becoming citizens. All these, it blocked the citizenization process of the second generation of peasant workers.Chapter 5 discusses the social assist system for the citizenization of the second generation of peasant workers. For advancing this process, the writer establishes a design of the social assist system, and suggests advancing this process with efforts in four supporting bodies, three phases and links, and three key areas.Chapter 6 suggests the institutional innovations for the citizenization of the second generation of peasant workers. On the basis of the analysis in previous chapters, according to the general frame of social assisting system for the citizenization of the second generation of peasant workers, the writer suggests responsive institutional innovations in seven aspects:enhancing the quality of rural labor force, regulating the circulation of rural land, accelerating social capital aggregate, accelerating reforms of registration institution, establishing a universal labor market between rural and urban areas, establishing appropriate social security system suitable for peasant workers, and establishing mechanism for reserving reasonable rights.
Keywords/Search Tags:trans-generational differences, the second generation of peasant workers, citizenization of peasant workers, registered residence wall, institutional innovations
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