Reserch On The Governmance Of Public Crisis In Rural China

This thesis is to study the present situation of rural public crisis and its governance in china. On one hand, rural public crisis occurs frequently and becomes more severe. Since the mid-1990s, China’s economy has developed quickly; however, things are not the same in rural China. The inadequate infrastruction, obsolete irrigation and water conservancy, the frequent occurrence of natural disaster and the heavy burden on the villagers, the underworld groups rage through the town, the relations between rural cadres and the masses are very tense and the mass disturbance becomes increasingly severe. On the other hand, the academic researches on public crisis mainly focus on the government management, urban public crisis governance and the study of the successful experience abroad. A comparatively fewer amount of researches have been done on the rural public crisis governance. As a result, people know very little about the social changes in rural China and the operation of the organization at the grass-roots level. At the same time, researches on the rural public crisis and the ways to solve the problems are far from enough. Due to the above reasons, this dissertation focuses on the study of the rural public crisis, both the public crisis events that occurs in rural China and those events that occurs outside rural China but have great influence on rural China.Rural public crisis is a kind of complex and integrated economic social affairs. In order to find out the inducement to the rural public crisis, this dissertation sets up an analysis model of risk—frangibility—crisis and points out that the frequent occurrence of rural public crisis roots in the form of rural risk society and the frangibility of rural society. Only by improving administration structure, reducing risk and lowering the frangibility can the governance of rural public crisis be possible.The governance of rural public crisis is a complex systematic project. Governance is an organic system constituted of three main elements: the object of governance, the Subject of governance and governance environment. In the current rural China, public crisis occurs frequency, it has many different types, and the forms of it have changed diversely. The Subjects of the rural governance have Increasing diversification, but effective integration is lack among the Subjects .As a result, the governance capacity was inadequate seriously. At the same time, because of the outflow of the resources, the development of rural China is shoeing a declining trend. The resources and interventions for the public crisis are extremely limited. Obvious, without a well-organized organization with clearly defined power and responsibility and operable methods, the governance of the rural public crisis would be in great disorder. In this way, the solve of rural public crisis would be impossible and sometimes may even leads to more severe crisis and lose. Based on this understanding, this dissertation utilizes the theory of governance and good governance to analyze the proper ways of solving rural public crisis from the following three aspects: subject construction, mechanism construction and system construction. Based on the research, this dissertation points out that it is necessary to build a powerful governance subject, a sound governance system featuring clearly specified powers and responsibilities and mutual coordination and a highly efficient governance institution. All these three parts constitute an organic system of rural public crisis governance.In china, a public crisis management system centering on“one plan and three systems”(plan, system, mechanism and legal system for responding to public emergencies) has been established. However, the establishment of this system is based on a very crucial premise that is the highly organized social communities, firm and well cooperated government and nongovernmental organizations and civil society. Obviously, this premise does not exist in most parts of countryside in china. On the contrary, in rural China, the county government is weak; township government is a mere figurehead lacking the basic support. Village community is far from mature, the cooperation between villagers is difficult and the relationship between the local cadres and the masses is intense. All of the above show that the rural communities are badly organized, which leads to the highly-cost cooperation, hard collective action and inefficient governance subject. To cope with the crisis that exists every time and everywhere, a responsible people-oriented county government must be formed first by democratic self-government and streamlining government organs. Secondly, the structure of the township government should be simplified into an administrative office of the county government .Thirdly, the village community should be given more power to realize the self-governance of the villagers and bring into play the self and mutual aid of the village communities rightly. Finally, the ability of reducing damages caused by disaster should be improved by right-safeguarding and self-organization.Since the 1980s, the system of household contract responsibility and villager’s self-governance has been established in rural China. After that, the villagers and the village organizations gained a comparatively independent position and the county governments have gradually faded out of the administration of village community. However, neither the county governments nor the village community and villagers can deal with the damage of crisis all by themselves. The only way to cope with the crisis is to unit both the county governments and the village communities to realize co-governance. At present, a system of rural public crisis governance under the leadership of the county party and government has been gradually established. In this system, the county government helps to conduct the classified management of the crisis with the village community’s cooperation and the villager’s active participation. However, there are still some problems in the actual practice. To solve these problems, the integration of government responsibility and social capital is necessary. In this way, the county government, village community and villagers can well cooperate and fully play their role in crisis governance.Public crisis governance relies on a series of systematic methods that is governance mechanism. The present rural public crisis governance focuses mainly on the emergency management and post-disaster reconstruction. The understanding of crisis prevention, crisis warning and the strategies of post-disaster reconstruction is insufficient. In order to improve the rural public crisis governance mechanism, the crisis prevention, warning, preparation and the strategies of post-disaster reconstruction should be concentrated on.