| The relationship between urban and rural areas has been one of the most important relationships in the social development. To some extent, whether it is proper in dealing with the relationship between urban and rural areas is directly related to the stability and progress of the modern state. In the Communist Manifesto, Marx scientifically described the urban-rural relations from feudal society to capitalist society, and historical changes in the future, and emphasizing urban and rural integration and promoting gradual elimination of the opposition between urban and rural relationships are important historical tasks to replace capitalism. Development of the countries around the world has gone through the painful process of urban-rural Segmentation and people have been trying to solve the gully between urban-rural opposition and rural-urban segmentation, and establish the common development’s aspirations of the urban and rural areas. China’s urban and rural problems have been lasted for a long time, and have historical factors’accumulation and also have practical factors’ influence. Before the founding of new China, prototype of the dual structure in urban and rural areas has been formed. The plan economic policy which began in1950s forced the urban-rural dual structure to aggravate. The reform and opening up in1978eased and weakened urban—rural dual structure in varying degrees. In the beginning of the21st century, China put resolving issues concerning agriculture, the countryside and farmers as a top priority of all our work. Especially in2002, the16th Congress of Chinese Communist Party proposed to maintain coordinated development in rural and urban regions. In2007, the17th congress further put forward to a new target "the establishment of industry promoting agriculture and long-term mechanism of urban townships, the formation of a new pattern of urban and rural economic and social integration"."Urban and rural economic and social integration "was written in party’s important documents in the first time. The third plenary session of the17th congress elaborately focused on "accelerating the formation of the new pattern of integration of urban and rural economic and social development, and creating a new situation of socialist countryside construction "as the fundamental requirement to promote China’s reform and development.The integration of urban and rural areas has become the focus of a new round of reform. Subsequently, China launched a pilot project of the urban-rural integration around the country. In the course of promoting the integration of urban and rural economic and social development, we can achieve the combination of the modernization of agriculture and new rural construction. All these show that China has entered a new stage of substantive advance in promoting the integration of urban and rural economic and social development. Therefore, conscientiously summing up active explorations of the urban-rural integration reform in all parts of the country and promoting the practice of urban and rural integration to have a healthy development have become an important theoretical object. The purpose of this thesis is to explore ideas and experiences of the new rural construction in the context of urban and rural integration. Selected subject in an investigation must be advanced models in the rural development, and these rural areas’ development is not to rely on the unique advantages in resources or special development opportunities, because not all rural areas have these general prerequisites or preconditions, and don’t have universality and don’t have the extensive meaning of reference and value even more. The research object of this paper is Tong Cave Village of E Zhou city of Hubei Province. Tong Cave Village is a typical mountain village based on agricultural in E Zhou City of Hubei Province. The local villagers began to work in the sunrise and rest at the sunset, and the main source of income is still fishing, farming, agriculture, animal husbandry and the whole condition was in low-yielding agriculture state. In addition, the Tong Cave Village which is of moderate size and geographic location is a typical representative of China central village. After E Zhou City was identified as urban and rural integration pilot by Hubei Province, Tong Cave Village was determined as the pilot village for the construction of a new socialist countryside by E Zhou City. During the three years, since the construction began in Tong Cave Village, and based on their actual conditions, Tong Cave Village made full use of local ecological advantages, and led by the Government to mobilize the villagers’ active participation, and adjust measures to local conditions. Its goal is to achieve synchronous development of economic and social environment. With village relocation and construction of new communities as the breakthrough point, and with economic development and the villagers wealthy as the main content, and the democratic system and scientific management as the guarantee, urban and rural integrated construction practice of organic combination of the interests of the government and villages gradually spread out in Tong Cave Village. Through exploration and improvement in practice," Tong Cave mode" gradually formed in the process of construction of urban and rural integration which has its own characteristics.With the construction of urban and rural integration as the background, and with ongoing new countryside construction in China as the theme, the paper designs six chapters to study the experimental effects of the "Tong Cave mode".Chapter Ⅰ:Introduction. With the research background of the paper, the object of study and significance of research as starting point of study, we can analyze current research situation at home and abroad and problems. At present, study on the significance that urban-rural integration reform influences the overall future development of contemporary China is not enough; and lack of overall arrangement and in-depth practical research on problems of deep-seated institutional mechanisms in the urban-rural integration reform; and urban and rural integration is not included in the research perspective from the meaning of political development in contemporary Chinese. Chapter Ⅱ:the theory and practice of integration of urban and rural areas. On the basis of the basic theory of the integration of urban and rural areas, it is necessary to have further scientific understanding for the existing explanation of urban-rural integration. In essence, urban-rural integration is a theoretical generalization on economic and social development level and state that economic and social development can achieve equal urban-rural status, open interoperability, complementary advantages, common prosperity and harmonious development and is a theoretical system on contemporary China moving toward the development of urban and rural integration.(1) The integration of urban and rural areas is not only the overall objective but also the development process, and it breaks the traditional binary thinking and probes the urban and rural development in general.(2) Put urban and rural development into phased development strategy.(3) Equal and balanced development will run through the entire region. The integration of urban and rural areas is a brand new outlook on development. And it is not only the outlook on development of Marxism, but also the outlook on development advocated by the modern urban sociologists. The implementation of urban and rural integrated development strategy is a milestone that China’s urban-rural dual structure experiences the process which is from the formation, strengthening to weakening, and ultimately toward the integration.Chapter III:The Tong Cave Village’s development opportunities and development goals. By analyzing Tong Cave Village’s the geographical environment, resource endowments, economic structure, history and culture, as well as the experience of domestic rural construction, including southern Jiangsu model, Hubei Wu Shan mode and so on, Tong Cave Village’s development target is that, with the harmonious combination of the beauty of nature, local flavor, regional culture and ecological science and technology, entertainment and leisure elements, and highlighting four connotation of the health, environmental protection, education and innovation, and emphasizing the simplicity of natural pastoral years and farming culture essence, Tong Cave Village plays a set of eco-tourism, leisure vacation, culture tourism, popular science education, environmental protection’s science and technology demonstration and other service functions as one large comprehensive green eco-tourism zone.Chapter Ⅳ:The Tong Cave Village’s practice in the process of the integration of urban and rural areas. The specific content includes five aspects:the integration of land planning, the integration of industrial development, the integration of infrastructure construction, the integration of public services, and the integration of social management and it is necessary to combine with these five aspects into a complete new rural construction model.Chapter V:Universal values and experience enlightenments of the Tong Cave Village case. They are that the alleviation of the urban-rural dual structure, and the creation of development ideas of the integration of urban and rural areas; and the rural subject and the role of government and the dynamic mechanism of combination of top-down and bottom-up; and mutual convergence of traditional industries and new pattern industries; and the restriction and balance of power and the management transition mechanism of the process of integration of urban and rural areas; and synchronized advancement’s benefits of economic development and social harmony.Chapter VI:Improvements and development of the Tong Cave Village case. It is necessary to point out realistically that the Tong Cave Village has outstanding characteristics in three aspects including internal and external integration in the government leading and peasants’ participation, and the combination of both the living environment and economic growth, and the employment of migrant workers and dealing with retaining population problems. But it need further improve in three aspects including the human quality, the villagers’ autonomy, and industrial development.Prospectively exploring the future development trend of the Tong Cave Village is to train the main role of farmers and to weaken the strength of government support; and to focus on the secondary and the tertiary industries’ development; and to build a green economy and organic combination and management of modern agricultural companies and farmers.After three years of hard work, construction of integration of urban and rural areas of the Tong Cave Village has achieved remarkable success and made gratifying achievements in economic construction, social construction, political construction and cultural construction. Ecological civilization concept enjoys popular support, and the scientific and cultural qualities and the ideological and moral levels of the villagers have been greatly improved, and the village of Yung and village appearance and living environment have been significantly improved, and eco-industry and circular economy begin to take shape, and, to some extent, farmers’ income increases, and relationship between cadre and masses gradually becomes intimate, and grass-roots democracy’s political construction has achieved initial success and so on. Compared with social development model of the other domestic and international rural areas,"the ecological concept and green concept" and "the government leading status and farmers’ subject status" and "economic development and social harmony’s synchronized advancement" naturally become the characteristics of the model of the Tong Cave Village.The successful practice process of Tong Cave Village shows that new rural construction is a systematic project. Whether ecological environment construction, or institutional reform and innovation, and the increased villagers income etc, have all accumulated ample experience. At the same time, Tong Cave Village’s successful experience also illustrates that the core is the innovative concept and the development idea of creating the integration of urban and rural areas; the key is the government dominance and farmers’ subject, and rural subject and the Organic combination of the Government; and the foundation is increasing farmers’ income by mutual convergence of traditional industries and new pattern industries; The guarantee is that the restriction and balance of power and the management transition mechanism of the process of integration of urban and rural areas. However, any newborn thing undergoes constantly improving development process from generation to mature. Urban and rural integration construction as a new phenomenon emerged in the process of rural development is no exception, and there are more problems and conflicts need to be addressed, especially to make the Tong Cave Village further improvements and development. At present, Tong Cave Village’s reality issue is "how to promote the Tong Cave Village’s construction practice toward a higher stage of development". In the process of the future development, Tong Cave Village should be noted to train the main role of farmers and to weaken the strength of government support; and to focus on the secondary and the tertiary industries’development, and to build a green economy and organic combination and management of modern agricultural companies and farmers.This paper follows the basic methods of Marxism, and on the basis of these basic methods, this thesis mainly uses these following research methods:The first is the comparison method. A comparative study focuses on other domestic and foreign experience in urban and rural development and the pilot project of the integration of urban and rural areas, and absorbs and extracts the essence, and realizes integration and innovation. The second is the interview method. Interview object is the local villagers, and the purpose is to make the collected material have authenticity and comparability. The third is the literature method. In the course of topic selection and research, this paper has collected a large number of related documents, and based on works on adapting Marxism to conditions in China, and from files related with the rural development formulated by the party and the government in recent years and experience summary, and through the study on the overall structure and development track of urban and rural integration, this article has a theoretical guidance. The fourth is the observation method. Through several years’ tracking investigation and observation on the Tong Cave village’s intuitive changes, it is necessary to combine theory with practice and test and develop the theory in practice. |
PDF Full Text Request