Research On Chinese Rural Community Management Model

With the economic and social development and transition of rural areas,primitive villages, pushed forward by the development of rural industry and theprocess of urbanization, are going through the transition to rural community throughtransformation and reconstruction. Rural community is the fundamental unit forcountry’s social management in rural areas, the basic platform for the coordinationof urban and rural places, and also the brand new producing and living carrier forfarms. As a result, rural community management, which needs multiple control ofthe country and society to realize the double target of both the construction of thenew socialist countryside as well as farmers’ new living space, is essentially theprimary connection point for the country and social management. At present, thepractice of rural community management is at the exploratory stage with lots ofimperfect places which needs guidance of scientific community management model.The autonomous community management model represents the developmentdirection of social management, so it should be applied to Chinese rural communitymanagement model. The western autonomous community management model,however, orienting in “weaken the country and strengthen the society”, emphasizesthe community self-governance which is isolated of government. This kind ofmanagement is closely related to its developed political, economic and culturalbackground, which is not suitable for China’s specific national conditions. Both inthe community’s infrastructure construction or social and public goods supply,Chinese rural community has its natural feebleness and cannot live without thegovernment’s support. As a result, the western autonomous community managementmodel cannot be directly applied to Chinese rural areas, and a new autonomouscommunity management model with Chinese characteristics should be built on thebasis of China’s specific national conditions. According to the analysis of countryand society theories, the new autonomous community management model of Chinashould take the value orientation of “making both the country and society strong”, carry out the people-oriented management philosophy, and aims at good governanceof communities, in this way to form a double force of both country management andsociety management to promote the development of rural communities.The new autonomous community management model in China rural areas aimsat maintaining the interests and satisfying the needs of farmers, forming a modelwith the guidance of grass-roots party organizations, the assistance of townshipgovernments, the main management of community residents’ self-governance andthe subsidiary management of villagers’ autonomous management. The newautonomous community management model consists of five main parts: first, thecore of this model is to maintain the interests and satisfy the needs of farmers, andall management should be based on this core; second, the guidance of grass-rootsparty organizations should run through the whole process of management to makesure that it go with specification and democracy; third, township governmentsexercise the country’s administrative behavior, which can coordinate thedevelopment of rural and urban areas, provide enough policy and fund support,improve the quality of public products and services as well as social security system,and create a good environment for the development of rural communities; four, therural community management is self-governance-oriented management, duringwhich autonomy organizations are set up through all villagers’ democratic electionsand are run with their democratic management to enhance the all-round developmentof the community, thus to provide enough manufacturing and living conditions forfarmers’ transition; five, villagers’ autonomous management refers to themanagement originated from the society of acquaintances capital and based onvillagers’ self-governance of rural social culture, township, and non-governmentalregulations. Soft management with fine rules and customs is employed to neutralizethe inner conflict between communities and provide farmers with greater sense ofbelongings and better spiritual home. The new autonomous community managementmodel in China rural areas absorbs the advantages of both autonomous communitymanagement model and mixed type model and suits the situation of Chinese ruralcommunity management. It is a model with Chinese characteristics and epoch features, but also with limitations to some extent. It needs perfecting and developingin the practice.The new autonomous community management model in China rural areasneeds a reasonable system design to its specific managing framework during theprocess of actual operation. Firstly, the management should follow the principle ofmutual supervision, multi-party participation, combination of management andservices, and high efficiency. Secondly, the administrative division between villagesshould be broken and a structure of township governmental management cooperatedwith community residents’ self-governance based on the fundamental units of ruralcommunities should be established. Thirdly, an efficient organizing system for ruralcommunity management and a multi-operational mechanism including elementssuch as supervision, market, law as well as morality should be set up to realize itsorderly function. Last but not least, according to the focal point and features of ruralcommunity management, diversified management approaches should be created topromote the managerial effectiveness of rural communities.