Competition In The International Bureaucracy Advocacy, Organizational Culture And Norms

As a Scientific Research Program for constructivist scholar, researches aboutinternational norm diffusion assume that international organizations wouldautomatically be a norm enterpreur, even the embodiment of those nice interntionalnorms. However, a series of researches about the “illegal actions”,“hypocrisy”, and“pathology” of international organizations just show that we should treat them asindependent international actors. Furthermore, with the progressive “problem-shift” inthe international norm diffusion Research Program, this program must solve a newanomaly, i.e. there are competing international organizations to push one internationalnorm towards different directions at the same time.Although international governmental organizations are founded by national state,they are actually international bureaucratic organiztions because of dual indentities ofinternational employees, the control of knowledge and information, which makesthem have their own preferences and organizational cultures. Organizational culturesshape the preferences of international organizations, more important; it affects thedirections of norm enterpreuring of IOs. As collective shared assumptions, beliefs oforganizational members, organizational culture defines the methods andunderstanding of “what is the best way to complete organizational assignments andgoals”. Based on its organizational culture, international bureaucratic organizationwould reinterprete the meanings of prohibiting rules of one international norm,making it more compatibale with its organizational culture.As norm enterpreurs for Intellectual Property Protection Norm (IPPN), WTO,WIPO and UNESCO try to fix the real meaning of this international norm separately.Based on its “tade culture”, WTO would think “propertization” of intellectualproperty is the best way to promote the IPPN; however, UNESCO puts the humanrights protection as the focus of IPPN because of its “equality cluture”. In addition,WIPO stands the middle way among them.