Public Goods Supply In Rural Community:Links Between The Country And Village

Countryside and agriculture exert a vital importance on our development of economic society and therefore catch a wide attention. The public goods supply of rural community becomes a research hotspot in the rural governance due to it directly determines the agricultural production efficiency and the the prosperity of rural economic society, and also due to its tight association with daily life of all peasants. Meanwhile, as a social product or service with non-competitiveness and non-exclusiveness, community public goods supply can not be effectively carried out by resource allocation of the market. Therefore, external governance of the government at all levels and internal governance of the village become the main governance method of the. rural public goods supply. However, it is still a difficulty in the research of the rural governance due to the variety of the rural community public goods, width of involvement and complexity of methods, as well as the governance behaviour of the government and village are affected by several different elements. As a hot and difficult point, it is embedded in the macro historical background of the social development transformation of country and village and it reveals the transition progress of governance logics. So it should be said that rural community public goods supply is not only an issue concerns with economics or finances, but also an issue of political sociology which indicates the change of social foundation and the transformation of national governance. Currently, when mentioning about the rural community public goods supply, most of scholars in the academical circles emphasize more on the the economic perspective, but few of them put the issue on the political and sociological perspective. The author holds the opinion that the understanding of the rural community public goods supply should be based on the detailed economical strategies and then be extended to the political sociological perspective. In this way, it will help to deepen the acknowledgement and renovate the thought and better guide the practice of public goods supply.The theory of "State-Society" has complicated change process and abundant theoretical connotation, and it hold strong pertinence and wide applicability in the field of rural governance research. As for the research topic of rural community public goods supply, the independent country and individual coexist village become the dominant actor, and national governance and village governance become the two main governance aspects, as well as two governance methods for rural community public goods supply. The two governance complement each other and can not be separated, they make up together a supply system and forms a supply logic. Meanwhile, as a kind of resource collaboration and allocation, rural community public goods supply is not only an issue of governance but also an issue of the building of power. Therefore, it is very necessary to study on the infrastructure power of state and power of the village, which are generated by the rural community public goods supply behaviour.In the first place, it is a need to analyse the logical change process and current trend of national governance in the rural community public goods supply. The analysis of overall national governance can be divided into two aspects:country and fundamental governments. During the tradition system period to rural reformation period, country acts as a supervisor in the rural community public goods supply. It motivates people to extensively participate in the process and it also takes the responsibility of whole governmental coordination and macro control evaluation. However, from the starting of rural reformation period to the post tax period, the position of country as a "project owner" has been gradually formed and shaped up, it supply with public goods through the automatic operation of administration system and direct manipulation. And governmental departments at different levels become the "owner" of rural community public goods. In the meantime, fundamental governments at different historical stages have also gone through changes:from "on-site" country "agencies" to "strategical" beneficial subject with independent profit, and from sticking to the country’s governance policy to seeking the extra profit in the supply process. From a overall perspective, national governance of the rural community public goods supply gains huge success, but there also existing many problems especially after the abolishment of agriculture tax. The problems such as flaws in supply system, serious running of f of supply resources and unworkable governance supervision have caused the trend of "involvement" in the national governance of rural community public goods supply.Secondly, it is a need to analyse the logic and current status of village governance in the rural community public goods supply. The first point is that village collectivity has acted as a subject with responsibility and rights in the public goods supply before the tax reformation, but during the post-tax period, it becomes an useless and lazy debt empty body in the rural community public goods supply. The second point is that individual peasants can participate in the public goods supply process to some degree, but after tax reformation and the separation between national governance and village governance, peasants can only act as bystanders in the public goods supply and run into difficulty in the activities of village collectivity. It can be said that in the rural community public goods supply, village governance plays a fundamental role before tax reformation, but after tax reformation, it comes into a status of "ineffectiveness".The "involvement" of national governance and "ineffectiveness" of village governance in the rural community public goods together lead to the dilemma and problem of goods supply. Meanwhile, inspecting from the process of rural community public goods supply in the developed countries and developing countries, the reason of their great success is the benign cooperation between national governance and village governance. Based on both governance logic routine in the rural community public goods supply in our country and effective experience and innovative practice in the public goods supply in tabroad, the author thinks that national governance and village governance should take actions together. Under this way, on one hand, strengthen the country’s acts to send resources to rural areas and innovate the system and method of goods supply. On the other hand, enhance the organization power of organization at village levels, gradually put peasants into a collection and cooperation and remove the difficulty of collectivity actions. Under the basis of the two aspects, the multiple interlinks of country and village in idea, capital and system will be realized. Thus country can play a major channel role in the rural community public goods supply, and also peasants can have principal rights and participate in the public goods supply. Leaded by governments at all levels, peasants will take positive activities and become real "owner" of rural community public goods supply.The governance of rural community public goods supply reflects an issue of governance power. The public supply and service function of country is realized by public power and it indicates national fundamental power in rural society. The self supply of public goods and public service in village is taken into force by autonomy power and it embodies village governance power. Through the logical inspection of the change process of national fundamental power and village governance in the rural community public goods supply system, the author finds that during the traditional system period, public supply depends mainly on village governance power. But during the rural reformation period, village governance power deceases gradually and national fundamental power increases. While during the post tax period, public supply depends mainly on national fundamental power, village governance power has been totally put at a weak status, this is also the real reason that the supply and needs of rural community public supply can not be effectively collected and then a lot of problems arise. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of rural community public goods supply, we can not just decrease the national power, but how to effectively collect the national power and rural society should be paid more attention to be introspected. Under the theoretical analysis, the author holds opinion that the building of governance power of rural community public goods supply should insist on the policy that national fundamental power and village power should be equally built. This is also a direction of modernization of our country as a post modernized country.As an important element in the village governance, the governance of rural community public goods supply does not exist isolated, but it has a intimate association with national governance transformation, village regulation remold and rural building methods. Firstly, the logic transformation of rural community public goods supply has been deeply inserted in the background of national governance transformation. It not only continues the governance transformation process but also reflects the problem of national governance transformation. The truth of public goods supply linked by country and village also inspires that our country should renew its emphasis on "indirect governance" and it also leads us to the direction of trying to build a "middle part" between country and peasants. Secondly, the mode innovation and village regulation remold of rural community public goods supply can be displayed as a joint simultaneous prmoted process. Village regulation remold can provide guarantee and carrier for effective public goods supply, on the other hand, rural community public goods supply can change the current "out of insertion" status and be re-inserted in the village social regulation and provide fundamental conditions for the balance and stability of village society. As a win-win situation, the author believes that it will be a wish both of the great success of rural community public goods supply and village regulation remold. Thirdly, rural community public goods supply has a tight link with the building of new countryside and also a tight association with the great issue of which kind of modernization China will be. Restricted by the global resources and market, our country should choose a practical modernization direction on the basis of state condition reality. Our country should realize the real sustainability, coordination and stable development between urban and rural areas by building village and stabilize village. Rural community public goods supply will exert a vital importance in the building of new countryside, it will realize the grand blueprint of building of new countryside and drives the whole country to step stably into modernization by the participating of peasants and enhancing the village building.