The Research On Education Public Governance And Its Mechanism

The rise of education public governance emerged when British and American and other western developed countries lifted education reform "The Third Way" in the1990’s."The third way" break through the traditional education management mode, the government-market mode, Trying to find not only improve education quality and efficiency, but also give consideration to the new way of education governance on equal access to education and balanced development of Education. Civil society as a new force of educational resource deployment began to enter into the practice of education reform, and first in the UK launched the "Education Action Zones" program, in the United States also issued "Charter schools law"."The Third Way" sounded a prelude to the modern study of educational governance, under the influence of western public governance theory, people began to explore the new mode of public education governance about education government, market and civil society cooperation management. This article is the exploration of a new attempt.Governance is a dynamic development concept. The essence of governance is the process which meet the needs of the rulers as they took the corresponding management strategy according to the rules of the development and characteristics of the management objects. Education governance adapted to the history of Social politics, economic and cultural development, experienced the development process of Education government governance and education market governance. Therefore, the birth of the modern education public governance has its history of necessity of the development. Education public governance is the process that the government through the system innovation to guarantee the government, market and civil society to participate in the education management of public affairs, and bear corresponding responsibility, based on mobilizing the enthusiasm of the stakeholders to maximize education public benefits.The research of education public governance comes from the relevant basic concepts and theories, regarding education (mainly refers to the school education) as a kind of social production and social service activities which cultivate people, with triple attributes of social, productive and service. Theory of neosystem economics, public choice theory and mechanism design theory and other economics theories and the new public management theory, the public governance theory and other public management theories are the theoretical basis of the research of education public governance.The theoretical assumption of education public governance argues that the provision of education and production could be separated, and to provide and produce separately or mixed by the government, non-governmental organizations and individuals; the main body of education governance are rational self-interest people, under the restriction of the constitutional order, the stakeholders in education governance through the "property" transactions, meet the maximization of interests; the relationship of the stakeholders is the principal-agent relationship, between the principals and agents who pursuing self-interest exist the situation of inconsistent with the objectives of interest and information asymmetry, which agent may arouse agents’"moral hazard"; Scientific mechanism design can make stakeholders work hard to promote the realization of education public interests, because achieving the goals of education public interests is the objective tool of realizing personal" private interest".In the social system of education public governance contains the subsystems of government, school, family and society, the social system is composed by the organizations and personnel, personnel in the organization play the role, rational self-interest people show their social behavior in accordance with role expectations and individual needs. In the "regulation" and "(kind of) market" mechanism affects, the stakeholders through competition, participation and cooperation to jointly promote the realization of the interests of the public education.The research adhere to the guidance of Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism, use of the basic social science research methods, such as historical analysis, system analysis, comparative analysis, scientific philosophy method, the role analysis and system analysis, etc. The innovations of the research are as followings:(1) providing the view of education as a kind of social production and social service activities, which cultivate people, and the mixture characters and public production type, as its premise;(2) proposing the view of education governance, a concept of development, similar as education market governance and public governance, from the evolution governance;(3) using the method of Lakatos scientific research program to discuss the hypothesis of education public governance and the scientific program;(4) using the method of role analysis to describe the role of stakeholders in education public governance; also the method of systematic analysis and comparative analysis to discuss the relationships among the government, the school, the family and the society in various types of educational governance;(5) using systematic analysis method and mechanism design method to construct the education public governance mechanism of "government leading, multi-cooperation, market affect, public mutual welfare ".The results of research has important theoretical significance of education public governance theory system construction; has important practical significance and application value of exploring suitable way and method for education public governance with Chinese characteristics.