Study On Summer Vacation Tourism In China From 1895 To 1937

Vacation tourism is the tendency and current of present development of tourism. In modern history of China, vacation tourism characterized by summer vacation tour was prosperous. However, there are only a few academic studies on such important phenomenon which even lacks overall and systemic study. Based on the study results of predesessors and multiple research data, the present dissertation studies the summer vacation tourism in China from 1895 to 1937 in order to probe into its development regulations and evaluate its social significance.There are five chapters in this dissertation.Chapter One and Chapter Two analyse the changing processes of summer vacation tourism in modern history of China, mainly focusing on summer vacation tourists with the sequence of time. Chapter One analyses background factors of the development of summer vacation tourism with Westeners in China as main body of tourists and reviews its initial process in modern history of China. Chapter Two investigates the background of emerging and developing summer vacation tourism among Chinese people in modern history, and then, with quantitative analysis, reveals the effect of the change of the structure of different tourists on the developement of summer vacation tourism in modern history and discusses the specific characteristics of flourishing summer vacation tourism in China during 1930’s.Chapter Three, with case study, focuses on different effects on the development of summer vacation tourism in modern history in China based on three exploitation and management models caused by characteristic changes of summer resorts.Chapter Four is the overall investigation of multiple functions of summer resorts for the summer vacation tourists in modern history of China.Chapter Five probes into the social economy and cultural effects of summer vacation tourism in modern history of China. From the perspective of social economy, quantitative analysis is used to evaluate the individual level and collective scale of summer vacation tour consumption and to observe the promotion function for the prosperity of tourism and for the citilization of summer resorts and its problems in modern history of China. From the perspective of social cultural effects, a development model of host-guest relationship is built through the analysis of the complicated relationship between the host and guest in summer resorts,and therefore, the cultural characteristics of summer vacation resorts in modern history are discussed under the model frame.The present study reveals that vacation tourism characterised by summer vacation tour in modern history began with the Westerners in China, who were one of the most stable bodies of summer vacation tourists. After the Republic period and affected by Westerners, the participation of Chinese summer vacation tourists became the main driving force for the development and prosperity of summer vacation tourism. Summer vacation tourism developed to the prosperous period until the Anti-Japanese war, with a lot of publications related with summer vacation tourism, Lushan as the summer resort capital of National Government then, the enlargement of summer resorts system and the popularization tendency of summer vacation tour.Just because of the change of the characteristics of summer resorts, there are three models for their exploitation and management:early Westerner’s rental model, Chinses people self-governing model and government administration model, which are closely related with the development of summer resorts in modern history. Through these long processes, the summer resorts became the comprehensive multiple-function resorts with the health recuperation and vacation center, fashion and leasure center, visiting and travelling center and social activity center, which met the needs of the summer vacation tourists from different classes. In some main summer resorts, the lage scale of consumption promoted the prosperity of tourism and the citilization process in modern history. The complicated relationship in summer resorts between the host and guest went through the confrontation period, master-servant period, legal right maintenance period, management and cooperation period, and thereafter, the summer resorts revealed the cultural characteristics of tourist immigration community----the incursion and dominance of western culture, the renaissance tendency of national culture, and the multi-cultural symbiosis and harmony.Finally, through the analysis of overall characteristics of the developemtn of summer vacation tourism in modern history of China, the dissertation discusses the developing regulations of vacation tourism in order to supply the references for the transformation and upgrading of the modern tourism from visiting to vacationing.