| Marx’s Labor-Capital Relation Theory probes into the conflicts between labor andcapital in the capitalist society. But labor and capital are two most essential factors foreconomic development; and only with their benign interaction can productivity beobserved. Therefore, against the background of capitalist market economy, Marx drawsthe outline of the possibility of labor and capital cooperation, which is based on theirconflicts, especially the personalized conflicts and contradiction. Such possibility alsoexists in the basic economic system of primary stage of socialism. Private enterprisesand labor depend on each other in the progress of building socialism with Chinesecharacteristics. It is undeniable that conflicts and problems have arisen from the laborrelations in private enterprises, such as strikes due to payment dissatisfaction andovertime, entrepreneurs’ running away without paying workers and benefitscompensation for arduous conditions. The above mentioned issues have receivedattention from the Chinese Communist Party and government. Though measures havebeen taken to tackle a diversity of cases, long-term solution and fairness are notguaranteed. It is the high time to construct a new system to cope with challenges oflabor relations. In the meantime the report of the18th CPC National Congress stressesthat China should implement the system of collective wage negotiations, perfect thesystem of labor standards and labor relations coordination mechanism, strengthen thesupervision of labor protection and labor dispute mediation and arbitration andconstruct the harmonious labor relations. The report highlights the experienceaccumulated from construction harmonious labor relations of the socialism withChinese characteristics. Moreover it offers new perspective of lubricating the labor andcapital conflicts in private enterprises. This dissertation is guided by the notion of constructing the harmonious labor relations, which is emphasized in the report of the18th CPC National Congress. Following the development characteristics of laborrelations, the dissertation examines the imbalance of labor relations by looking intovarious cases and proposes how to build the labor relations coordination mechanism inprivate enterprises.This dissertation consists of six chapters and studies the feasibility, developmentpattern and design phase features of building the labor relations coordinationmechanism in private enterprises.The first chapter is the introduction part, defining concepts and reviewingprevious documents and research papers. It also highlights the study contents, key anddifficult points and methodology, as well as new study approaches.Chapter two introduces labor relation theory and its significance. Firstly, itanalyzes Marx’s Labor-Capital Relation Theory. Marx has discussed the fundamentalcontradiction and conflicts of labor and capital existing in production, exchange anddistribution. In the meantime, Marx has studied comprehensively about the possibilityand importance of the labor and capital cooperation. His detailed and objective studyhas offered us a new perspective of analyzing the labor and capital conflicts in Chineseprivate enterprises; and it is of great significance with regard to construct theharmonious labor relations. Secondly the chapter sums up labor relation theory in thewest and its revelation. In the present stage of economic transition period domesticlabor relations feature the similar pattern as those in western countries. It is advisablethat we make a reference from the developed western countries to avoid mistakes orreduce the cost. If we understand that the western theory is compatible with its socialsystem, economic and technological environment, resources, culture background andvalue system, we will not duplicate their practice, as complete duplication is not thesolution to the problems in China. It is highly suggested that China should actaccordingly and use their successful cases for reference to create a system withChinese characteristics.Chapter3studies on the past and present of private enterprises labor relations. The evolution of the relations between labor and capital has conformed to the law ofdevelopment. Ever since the Opening and Reform Policy, the development of laborrelations has been evolving based on the labor policies, reform of Labor Unions inChina and government interference. The shifting traces from the Positive Effect to theMatthew Effect can also be observed. The examination of history and logicaldeduction should be combined during the study. Only in this way can we expound itsessence and draw correct conclusions. It is undeniable that private enterprises feature"strong capital and weak labor”, such imbalanced situations reflect many problems inthe domains of labor supply system, labor market and organization. A case analysis andempirical study are the premise of this dissertation.Chapter4gives an analysis on the structure of harmonious labor relations inprivate enterprises. The characteristics of labor relations system determine itsevolution as a spontaneous process of institutional change, generally from the bottomto the top, which has been restricted by economic system, political system and socialcultural background. On the basis of the evolution of the law system of labor relations,this dissertation focuses on the decisive role played by the basic political and economicsystems in the primary stage of socialism with regard to construct coordinationmechanism of labor relations in private enterprises. To realize the harmonious andstable labor relations, the following factors are crucial: deepening the laborerindividual economic freedom in the system of market economy, government equitabledistribution policies, and strengthening laborers power system and policy factors andcase exemplifications.Chapter5illustrates the development logic of harmonious labor relations inprivate enterprises. The core of market economy theory is based on respecting forindividual economic freedom and realizes the efficient, economic cooperation andoptimal allocation of resources and finally achieves Pareto optimal state. But themarket will not self-consciously realize labor and capital balance. In the current"strong capital and weak labor" pattern, if they only depend on the role of the marketand seek no support from the state and the system, individual workers feel very difficult to fight against the force of capital and safeguard their legitimate interests. Atthe same time, as the labor relations is rooted in social economic relations, theirproperties will reflect the feature of the system of economic relationship between stateand society. Therefore, the development logic of harmonious labor relations in privateenterprises should result from the tight cooperation of labor and capital, which is bebased on individual economic freedom. The logic not only embodies the essence ofmarket-oriented labor relations, but also conforms to the socialist system, whichhighlights "common prosperity" and "harmonious society" as the basis of the laborrights and embodies the unity of efficiency and fairness.Chapter6proposes how to construct the labor relations coordination mechanismin private enterprises from the perspective of a harmonious society. Based on thecurrent study of "strong capital and weak labor”, an imbalanced pattern and in-depthanalysis on the structure of harmonious labor relations in private enterprises anddevelopment logic of harmonious labor relations, the author thinks that the harmoniouslabor relationship development logic should be the premise of the rational choice toconstruct a coordination mechanism for labor relations in private enterprises. At thesame time, two different construction notions should be applied at two phases: one isthe imbalanced phase of labor relations, when a national guided coordinationmechanism of private enterprise labor relations should be built; the other is theequilibrium phase of labor relations, when an automatic coordination mechanism ofprivate enterprise labor relations should be established. |
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