Rights And Organization: The Comparative Study Of Coastal Fisheries Management Of China And Japan

As awareness on fisheries resources varies, and the new marine fishery order hasbeen formed, fisheries management measures have changed from the traditional onesinto biology and/or economics, ecological measures, management objectives changefrom conserving and managing fishery resources to developing fisheries sustainably,management tools also shifts from single species management to ecosystem level ofoverall management．From the perspective of the three main factors of management, when themanagement tools and management systems are implemented, some institutionalarrangement does not stimulate conservation awareness of fishermen, managementsees unsatisfied results．And the effectiveness of the management organization partfunction and make Chinese fishery management organization is still in the very earlystage, the resource management does not reach the designated position. Japan CoastalFisheries Management made an important contribution to coastal fisheriesmanagement, especially in the face of the change of resources management． In theaspects of the three attributes of fishery resource, China and Japan have manysimilarities．Therefore, this paper tries to explore its formation mechanism through thehistorical changes of Japanese fishery management organization, to analyze theorganization characteristics and the role for fisheries resource management throughcombing resource management system and the statistical data, to draw lessons fromJapan’s organization and management mode, and, combined with the actual situationof China’s fisheries management, to put forward suggestions for the development ofChinese fishery management organization．1. From the angle of sociology, economics and management, using the institutional change theory, defining the organization, analyzing the differences andlinks between the organization and institution, exploring the theoretical guidance onorganization change and Characteristics study．2. Research found that the fishery right institution by the existing fisheries lawsprescribed and Fishery Coordination Committee are the main reasons for the successof Japanese coastal fisheries management．The formation of Fishery ManagementOrganization has its social foundation, legal basis and institutional basis．3. The characteristics of the Japanese fishery management organization include:(1) Japan fishery management organization is based on geography, consanguinityfishery p organization. Relative to the efficiency of economic organization for socialfairness as the focal point of fisheries policy. The Scope of fisheries is easy to belimited to the scope of the independent management rights. It’s difficult to migratoryfish species be managed object. And management activities can easily focus on lowmobility resources, single fishing method and narrow sea fishing grounds.(2) Due tothe priority of reaching an agreement, management goal is low and tends to maintainwork schedule, sometimes it can·t achieve even greater results in resourcemanagement.(3) Organization Maintain focus on job order and catches stability, lessconcern with the benefit.(4) In order to make up for the shortage, Japan hasestablished the wide-area fishery management and common management.4. The Fishery Cooperative Associations reorganization plays an important rolein the following three parties that improve the organization foundation, businessfinancial situation and the business status．The role of Japan Fisheries ManagementOrganizations in resource management can be shown in four aspects:(1) theagreement process of Fishery Management Organization is the basis of resourcemanagement measures;(2) Fishery Management Organization can provide effectiveprotection for the resource management;(3) Fishery Management Organization can reduce the cost of resource management;(4) Fishery Management Organization playsan important role in protecting resources and environment.5. With the rapid development of Chinese fishery and fishery economy took off,and the world fisheries development is based on the destruction of fishery resources,at the cost of the deterioration of ecological environment and resources. Against thecurrent problems of China fishery organization in the legal basis, current fisheryrights institution foundation, organization itself and construction of supporting system，China fisheries management organization system should be built as follows: todevelop the laws and regulations of fisheries organization; to organize the fisheryrights institution; to improve the building of the organization itself; to improve thesupport construction.6. From the development and current situation of China fishery managementorganization, China fishery management organization as well as agricultureorganization has experienced four stages as following：co-operative management,collective management, contract management and diversification management. Due tothe fishery has different characteristics to agriculture, the laws and regulations offisheries organization need to be developed, the form of organization needs to beclarified, its organization standards should be unified and the function needs to beimproved. In order to be able to make the fishery management organization play itsreal function, fishery rights institution need to reform; finally, the support constructionincluding the finance, human resources, tax and other multi-faceted should beimproved.