The Research Of The Distribution In Rural People’s Commune

The distribution system is an important part of the design of the People’s Commune System, which is also affecting the achievements of the latter. The research of the distribution system during the People’s Commune Period is related to the reflection and re-understanding of Chinese Modernization, which has the important academical and practical value.Study on the distribution of Rural People’s Commune in this article, is targeted at rural social distribution of wealth and social service as a whole, which includes both the distribution of wealth and income in the production organization, also includes the design and the process of he distribution system itself. An important innovation of this research is that, through a case study of two ordinary villages in the East of Hebei province and Shanxi Taihang mountain, through the reproduction of specific allocation practice in rural grass-roots organizations, through the vivid description of the distribution practice process by the production team members, we want to re-examine and evaluate the People’s Commune System, and then rethink the path of modernization in China.Houjiaying and Xiakong all have rich reference material, which provides significant primary material to study the distribution system in rural grass-roots organizations. In this study, we want to strive to reveal the specifical distribution process in two villages of North China during the Period of collectivization,by analysis and utilization of those precious rural archives, supported by a variety of county archives, local records and government documents, we also conducted a number of field research. Such method is the first study on the distribution system of the People’s Commune, which is a combination of grassroots rural archive and field research, highlighting narrative research on rural stories.Houjiaying and Xiakong are located in two distinct geographical environment, whereby each showing the diversity of the distribution system and to adapt to the unique circumstances of local resistance, which can reflect the personality of the geographical environment in the specific operation process. The perspective and awareness in this commune are rare in the study of People’s Commune. This issue is significant and valuable.The distribution during the Period of People’s Collectivization includes two parts:physical distribution and cash distribution. The former is principal, which has a decisive influence on the members’lives.The main object of physical distribution are agricultural and sideline products in production brigade and production team, including grain, meat, vegetables, oil, sugar, cotton, straw, as well as some material that can’t be completely self-sufficient, such as spices, coal, fertilizer various tickets, and so on. The two villages are required to properly handle the relationship between the three parts of the state, collectives and individual in physical distribution and cash allocation. But the cultivation and distribution the food and oil crops, the status of sideline and social enterprises income are both showed a distinctive regional characteristics.In the collective process of income distribution, the distribution of Commune members needs to be combined with the workpoint system. Behaviors and attitude of members and cadres are adequately reflected in the allocation of work points. This study explores the behavior, perception, their similarities and differences on the issue of work points in ordinary members and cadres, also explores different options of different types of fanners under the workpoint system. As a medium between collective organization and ordinary villagers, cadres should to implement various distribution policy by the state, province, county, or commune. They also should consider the actual situation of the village, which is in order to meet the basic survival needs of the members. At the same time, as individuals, they would do everything possible to meet the self-interest of themselves and their families. This triple consideration decided their behavior of distribution are different from ordinary members, the concept of distribution are also varied. They would even exploit power in specific allocation process.The allocation of the specific process in rural grass-roots group and the production team includes three parts:developing distribution plans, usual advance distribution and allocation accounts at the end of the year. Houjiaying and Xiakong just hold a wealth of archive data associated with this issue, including village cadres’ work notes, village team meetings, brigade and production team of accounting books and a variety of economic, financial tables and so on. Annual table of the revenue distribution plan, allocation of budget table, pre-sub-programs, the distribution of harvest schedule and members for grain table in each year, are extremely vivid and specific reproduction of the above allocation process.The case of the two villages showed, there is a complex relationship between the distribution, production, accumulation and consumption. But unfortunately, none of the policies implemented by the central government and all levels of governments has failed to address this important relationship. The result of the distribution system during the Period of People’s Commune is that, the government seized more from farmers than the given, enthusiasm of farmers was constrained. This result caused serious consequence:slow growth of agriculture, persistent poverty of farmers, incapable consumption of the whole society. The result also led to national economic imbalances, huge gap between urban and rural areas, industrial and agricultural imbalance, all of which have hindered the process of China’s modernization.