The Study On The Mongolia's National Security Policy In The 21st Century

After the Cold War, the international system has undergone tremendous changes. International relations and the foreign policy also will be adjusted. Under this background of great changes in international relations. Mongolia has achieved a true sense of diplomacy.Mongolia started to transit in political democratization, national content market economy, open society of human rights liberalization. Foreign policy started to transit from the previous "one-sided." to the "multi-point". February 10, 1992, Mongolia enacted a new constitution about Mongolia's foreign policy, the Constitution in Article 10 states: "Compliance with the world-recognized norms of international law, committed to the implementation of foreign policy of peace." Thus, in 1994 the State Great Khural of Mongolia has issued to develop a "Mongolian foreign policy concept", "National Security Concept of Mongolia" and "Mongolian Armed Forces Policy Foundation", Mongolia is not only re-enacted for the two neighboring powers(China, Russia) diplomatic strategy, and security relations with the United States, Japan and Europe a big country and other countries to rebuild. These ideas prompted Mongolia to re-enact the national military security strategy, formally confirmed that maintaining friendly relations with China and Russia is the main goal of Mongolia's foreign policy ". " National security concept of Mongolia " includes: national security, national security, the external environment, the national security component, the national security system, etc.. At the same time determine that Mongolia is not involved in any alliance and military group, does not support the interests of the third country to its airspace, territory for its use". Diplomatic strategy and security policy of Mongolia's "fulcrum" is actually from the country of Mongolia and the international environment of development, is an important way to realize Mongolia's national independence, national security and economic and social development. Mongolia's national security strategy and national security policy, in order to effectively protect the country's political, economic, security and military strategic choices made by Mongolia. The provisions in the "basic" military policy in Mongolia: "will uphold the common defense policy, with neighboring countries, neighboring countries, third international military organization of military forces to jointly resist the country by potential aggression or threat".In twenty-first Century, great changes have taken place in the national security environment around Mongolia in July 15, 2010, the state great Hural of Mongolia revised the "Mongolia national security concept", the 2011 revision of the "Mongolia" of foreign policy ideas, October 2015 revised "Mongolia's military policy basis", renamed the "Mongolia national defense policy basis". In order to effectively guarantee the national security of Mongolia in twenty-first Century. This paper is divided into six chapters. The main points are as follows.The first chapter elaborates the security theory in the international relations and the historical evolution of Mongolia's national security thought. The concept of security theory of international relations is analyzed. Domestic and foreign scholars debate on the concept of security is becoming increasingly fierce, and the concept of security as a political influence is gradually emerging. The security concept is a resilient, defining the concept of security is a difficult thing, in the international academic circles on the definition of security controversy focuses on whether security can precisely define and according to different levels of definition etc.. Mongolia's national security thought that history can be divided into 6 stages: the initial hardships of Mongolia to join United Nations; for the socialist bloc countries support for African countries; support; Mongolia China formally joined the United Nations in Mongolia; China becomes a member of the United Nations after diplomatic achievement; security history after 1961.The second chapter, the "multi pivot" diplomatic strategy and security policy of Mongolia. In depth analysis of the international situation after the cold war and the change of foreign exchange policy in Mongolia. According to the geographical features of Mongolia and the new geopolitical realities, the foreign policy of "multi pivot" is defined. Mongolia has published "Mongolia's foreign policy vision", elaborated the foreign policy system of Mongolia. The basic policy of foreign policy is to adhere to the policy of neutrality and non alignment. Secondly, the implementation of a balanced foreign policy of Russia and Mongolia in China, change the "one-sided" Soviet policy, maintain communication and balance the relationship between the two neighboring countries. Active development and strategic policy of the United States, the European Union, Japan and other western developed countries "third neighbors" diplomacy. One of the main directions of Mongolia's foreign exchange policy is to strengthen national security by means of active political and diplomatic means. As between the Sino Soviet nuclear weapon state, Mongolia from the point of view of national security is necessary to pay special attention to the national security problem. In September 7, 2015, President Char Elbegdorj of Mongolia put forward a proposal to implement the policy of permanent neutrality in Mongolia. The permanent neutrality law stipulates that the state of Mongolia is in the position of a neutral state only in the case of war and armed conflict, and does not interfere with the treaties and agreements signed between Mongolia and the countries of the world.The third chapter, the content and characteristics of the security policy of Mongolia in twenty-first Century. This part deeply studies the main contents and characteristics of Mongolia's security policy. Including: "Mongolia's national security concept" background, "Mongolia's national security concept" the main content and characteristics of Mongolia, national defense system, Mongolia's military structure and mission, Mongolia's military expenditure. It can be said, "Mongolia's national security concept" is a comprehensive and comprehensive security concept. Mongolia's national defense law with pointed out that the establishment of Mongolia's armed forces, according to the principles, the armed forces of the organization structure, basic management functions, the general staff of the armed forces of the responsibility and obligation etc..The fourth chapter, the factors that affect the security policy of Mongolia. This paper discusses related issues in this part of internal and external factors influencing Mongolia's national security policy at the same time and Study on Mongolia's national security strategy, a profound understanding of the impact of national security situation of internal and external factors, and in the implementation of foreign policy and security policy is obvious. One is in many factors affecting national security, national security internal factors are especially important; two is the security environment in Mongolia in the political, economic and military, environment and other aspects depends fundamentally on the relationship with the two neighboring countries and regions in Northeast asia. This chapter will affect the internal and external factors of national security is divided into four parts, namely, the survival of the security, economic security, social and government organizations, security, environmental security, etc..The fifth chapter elaborates the security relations between Mongolia and the great powers in twenty-first Century. This part deeply studies the development of the cooperation between Mongolia, Mongolia, Russia, Mongolia, Mongolia and the United States. Including: political cooperation, economic and trade relations of cooperation, defense cooperation in the field of cooperation. One is Mongolia the two countries established a comprehensive cooperative relations, cooperation in various fields has been expanded and deepened, become an important support for the development of the strategic partnership between Mongolia and Mongolia and Russia; two is the two countries have established a comprehensive strategic partnership, Mongolia and Russia still needs to strengthen in the political and military fields, providing favorable conditions for the cooperation in the field of development; three is Mongolia Japan based on "comprehensive partnership" is committed to a "strategic partnership", the economic relationship is particularly important. The economic relationship between China and Japan is not only by the Japanese government in aid to Mongolia, but also covers trade, investment, economic and other fields more in-depth cooperation; four is Mongolia and the United States established diplomatic relations since the Mongolian American defense cooperation relations development. Mongolia and the United States Defense Cooperation between the two countries can be divided into three stages. 1991 to 1996; 1996 to 2003; 2003 to date.The sixth chapter, the development trend of the "third neighbour" policy of Mongolia in twenty-first Century. This part studies the future of Mongolia's security strategy and the related issues of Mongolia's national security policy. Including: to continue to develop good relations with China and Russia, and continue to participate in regional development and security cooperation, and promote the "permanent neutrality" strategy as the cornerstone of security policy.At present, Mongolia's first detailed exposition of the national security strategy, foreign policy, military policy vision of the government programmatic document. Although the promulgation of the time is not long, but with the increasing of Mongolia's status in the international community, to participate in international affairs in the form of increasing, expanding the scope of the country, Mongolia needs to re-examine its national security strategy, as well as foreign and military policy, and the need for new revision of related policies. In view of the above situation, in the last twenty or thirty years, the Mongolia government to change the national security strategy, foreign policy and military strategy for the domestic and foreign environmental changes. In the "Mongolia's national security concept" has been mentioned many times in the government of Mongolia to safeguard human rights, freedom, justice, democracy, and the policy is regarded as the fundamental guarantee to maintain national security in Mongolia. At the same time in the revised "Mongolia's national security concept" also mentioned about "Mongolia's national security to protect Mongolia's goal is to create the core interests of the internal and external environment" and strive to through political and diplomatic means to safeguard Mongolia national independent and sovereign integrity.