Research On The Government's Response Capability To The Public Opinion Of The Outburst Public Emergencies

In the 30 years of reforming and opening up,China has experienced a transformation that from the traditional planned economy based agricultural and semi industrial society to a more perfect and highly industrialized and informationalized society under socialist market economy system.With the rapid development of China's economy,continuous improvement of society and deepening of the reform,China is facing a severe situation that various social contradictions keep accumulating.For example,during the period of social transformation,interests subjects were diversified,common people's appeals were diverse,and contradictory conflicts were apparent.Under this circumstances,once some issue occurred,it would be quickly spread,and the attention would be attracted soon.Especially with the application of new media,the broadcasting scale,speed and influence were enlarged severely compared with the traditional media.People can speak anonymously in the Internet also caused that a number of public emergencies disclosed directly in the Internet.In the past 10 years,unexpected public affairs in China emerged in an endless stream,from "Zhou Jiugeng event" to "The son of Li Gang killed someone while driving in the campus",from "Guo Meimei flaunted the considerable wealth" to "Wenzhou train accident",from "Guangdong Wukan event" to "Uncle event ",from "Tianjin port explosion" to "Lei Yang event".All the issues above reflect the problems such as widening gap between the rich and the poor,the unfair social distribution and the sharp contradiction between the government and the people.Facing of these problems,people use the network media to express their own attitudes,opinions,ideas,requests more quickly,directly,sharply and truly.The transmission of Internet public's opinion in public emergencies has affected the economic and social development and many other aspects.Confronted with the network public opinions of public emergency,whether the government responses at once,reveals information accurately and comprehensively and handles effectively,is not only related to the vital interests of the public,but also directly reflects the ability of the government to deal with the network public opinions.This affects the image and credibility of the government.In summary,in the context of public emergencies,to enhance the ability of the government to respond to network public opinions has become a new issue in the new era of government governance.As above,this paper carried out an analysis from the previous government emergency management of the before or after the public event to the current government emergency management of the public event.At the same time,it also deeply discussed three most important issues: the concept,measure and dynamic analysis of the government's coping capability towards network public opinions.This research not only enriched the theory of government administration,government capability and government governance,but also contributed to enhancing the measure level of government's coping capacity and improving the effect of government's coping measures towards network public opinions.It provides a good foundation for the government's coping capacity towards network public opinions in China.1.Constructing the concept model of government's coping capacity towards network public opinions in public emergencies.This paper followed a theoretic line from government management to government governance to the government governance of network public opinions,from unidirection to bidirection to multidirection,which shows the gradual evolution of the government's capacity with environmental changes.It comprehensively analyzed the current challenges and problems government faced in dealing with the network public opinions.On this basis,through extensive literature research on core concepts such as "public emergency" and "government's capacity" and "network public opinions" and "government coping",the paper revealed its theoretical origin and development logic.Then it carried out a clear definition of the relevant concepts,especially government's coping capacity towards network public opinions in public emergencies combined with the characteristics of this study.It argues that the government's coping capacity towards network public opinions refers to that after the public emergencies occured,facing the rapid spread of network public opinions,the government can actively react,reflect and reply to public appeals and demands immediately and effectively through public policy and specifically take administrative actions.Digging deeply into the related reference about the factors of government capability and government's coping capacity towards network public opinions as well as the evolutionary relationship among them.In order to provide theoretical basis for the measure and dynamic analysis,this paper constructed the concept model of government's coping capacity towards network public opinions in public emergencies by the authority,accuracy,transparency,trust,timeliness,normalization and coordination.Therefore,the construction of the model is a major progress from the view of theory system,which is the significance for the theoretical innovation of government management theory,government capability theory and government governance theory.2.Measuring the government's coping capacity towards network public opinions in public emergencies.In the past,the evaluation of the government's coping capacity is mainly from the former or later point of view.The index selection is subjective,and the index quantification is difficult,and with poor operability at the same time.This paper began with the coping management of public emergency.Based on considerable literature review and analysis of the typical public emergencies,it constructed the elementary measurement index system of the government's coping capacity towards network public opinions in public emergencies which is composed of seven first grade indexes including authority,accuracy,transparency,trust,timeliness,normalization,coordination,and 21 second grade indexes including response level,response speed and information disclosure.Then it took the description model of public emergencies based on knowledge element,collected data in the form of expert interviews and screened the 21 second grade indexes through rough sets reduction algorithm to obtain the measurement index system of the government's coping capacity towards network public opinions in public emergencies,of which consisting of 7 first grade indexes and 13 second grade indexes.Finally,this paper selected 50 typical public emergencies and established relations between the scores of the government's coping effect and 13 second indexes.At the same time,it used research methods to verify through questionnaire data and finally got the conclusion that 11 indexes,such as: response level,situation guidance,information disclosure,press conference,outstanding effect on the government's coping capability,and determined the measurement index system of the government's coping capacity towards network public opinions in public emergencies.Therefore,the measure method in this paper is more scientific and reasonable.It not only revised the shortcoming of strong subjectivity of the previous research index,but also made up the defects that the government's coping ability cannot be quantified.3.Carring out dynamic analysis on the government's coping capacity towards network public opinions in public emergencies.This paper studied the life cycle system under the network public opinions by using life cycle stage theory in crisis management.First,based on considerable literature research,it constructed the “six-stage model” of the development life cycle for the network public opinions in public emergencies,consisting of brewing stage,outbreak stage,diffusion stage,repeated stage,regression stage and long tail stage,and deeply analyzed its characteristics.Second,through the cross case analysis of public emergencies,it explored the application of the life cycle model for network public opinions in public emergencies in practice,and the evolution situation of the 11 indexes for the government's coping capacity in the life cycle of network public opinions in public emergencies.Last but not least,based on the evolution situation,it carried out empirical analysis through cases and promoted countermeasures according to the enhancement of government capability at every stage.For example,in the brewing stage,the government should focus on forum post as well as the attitude and mood of netizens;in the outbreak stage,the government should response to the subject clearly and timely with sincere attitude;in the diffusion stage,the government should reveal information and publish authoritative data in an initiative,comprehensive and multi-channel way;in the repeated stage,the government should promptly communicate with the parties,compress the spread time and space of rumors,speed up the response speed,release authoritative information,and face the query and criticism of netizens correctly;in the regression stage,the government should repair the corresponding system and image;in the long tail stage,the government should handle the relationship between the public and the media and strengthen self supervision.Consequently,in this paper,the author carried out stage classification towards the life cycle of network public opinions in public emergencies,which is more comprehensive and objective,according to the development characteristic of events.At the same time,it provided a communication analysis framework for the government's coping of network public opinions in public emergencies,which could provide practical experience for the government to deal with the network public opinions.