Research On Guidance And Control Of Public Opinions On Emergencies From The Perspective Of Risk Governance

With the rapid popularization of network and new media,China began to enter the network society in an all-round way.Public opinions on all kinds of emergencies are reflected in network,resulting in further increase in the risk of social governance.Once dealt with improperly,the increasingly complex public opinions on emergencies will bring risks and challenges to national security,social stability and social development.Therefore,the research on the guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies is of great practical significance,which is not only related to the mission of maintaining a healthy and stable environment of public opinion,but also an inevitable requirement for promoting the modernization of governance system and governance capacity.In fact,guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies is a very complex and systematic project,which contains numerous potential uncertainties.No matter what research perspective we selected,there are always two basic levels.One is the ability of the main body that conducts the guidance and control,and the other is the effectiveness test of risks resolving.This leads to the basic problems that need to be solved in theory and practice: What methods can be used to deal with the risks in guidance and control of public opinions? How to make the scientific and effective guidance and control decisions on public opinions? What are the capabilities required to achieve the desired objectives of guidance and control? On the one hand,the exploration of the above questions enriches and expands the governance theory of Chinese society,and provides effective theoretical support for the transformation of Chinese society.On the other hand,it also promotes the practical process of promoting the“soft power”of social governance by using advanced technical means such as large data.At present,the existing research in China on public opinions on emergencies have focused on motivating factors,mechanism of action,characteristics and principals and so on,but there is insufficient systematic research on the guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies.Therefore,in this paper,by taking guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies as the research perspective of risk governance,and on the basis of the investigation of the regular characteristics of public opinion,it is analyzed and evaluated the primary risk of public opinions on emergencies with primary nature,the derivative risk caused by the guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies,and the risk of the conditions of guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies,then explored the basic program of guidance and control of public opinions on risk governance of emergencies from multiple levels,and analyzed the generation of risk governance system and capacity.Finally,from the perspective of improving the efficiency of risk solution,big data technology is used to construct a platform for the guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies,trying to provide a better feasibility plan for risk governance.In the paper,mainly based on risk governance theory,public opinion communication theory and information evolution theory,it is used the literature research method,case study method,method of comparative research,questionnaire survey method and interview method as main research methods,combined theoretical research and empirical research together,and led by three main questions with internal logic(What are obvious characteristics of unexpected events expected to evolve? What kind of risks caused to public opinion on emergencies by these characteristics? How to solve these risks?),to carry out concentrated research and discussion.In this paper,the evolution of public opinions on emergencies is put under the new media environment.With a series of comparative analysis on public opinion cases,an objective summary is made on changes of “Essence”of “Quantification”characteristics beyond quantities,scales and fields during the evolution of public opinions,to provide an objective and clear thinking to answer the first question.After in-depth study,it is found that the existing form of public opinions are intertwining and coexisting: public opinions with information and public opinions with personal views coexist,clear public opinions and polarized public opinions coexist,and “watching”public opinions and“action”public opinions coexists,and so on,which constitutes the main feature of the existing form of public opinions.From the inner elements of public opinions,they are chaotic and pluralistic: the diversification and communalization of the main body of public opinion,the diversity and politics of the appeals of public opinion,and the multi-dimension and latent nature of the explosion points of public opinion are the main risk characteristics that we can touch.From the characteristics of the evolution of public opinion,the social effect of the framework is rheological: the emotional issue framework reflects the collective adaptation syndrome,the cognitive issue framework shows the thought change in the big data age,and the information issue framework restrains social trust.The research on risks caused by guidance and control of public opinion on emergencies is carried out based on the above characteristics.It is examined in this paper the current practices of guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies in China,and,in the analysis of specific risks,explored the second problem,that is,the cause of risk caused during guidance and control of public opinion.Based on different stages during the whole evolution of public opinions on emergencies,it is summarized the primary risks caused during the whole evolution of public opinions on emergencies.Based on main links of guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies,it is summarized the derivative risks caused by guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies.Based on the research,it is argued that there are lingering subjective and objective factors in the creation and expansion of any risks.Non-standard guidance and control methods of public opinions,the lack of communications between public opinion subjects,and a series of management problems such as weak capabilities of the team who is in charge of guidance and control of public opinions are the main causes of risks.These questions have the lasting impact on pertinence,effectiveness and scientificity of public opinion in different degrees and at different levels.In this paper,it is studied the construction of the risk response system of the guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies from a systematic and overall point of view,and designed a kind of guidance and control platform that using big data to solve the third question.From the two dimensions of process and ability,it is studied the risk governance on the guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies.For the dimension of process,it emphasizes on the basic program of risk governance on the guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies,constructs a executable framework for the risk governance,puts forward two corresponding governance models,i.e.sharing situation perception model,decision making and action synergy model,and provides a reference construction scheme for risk governance framework based on the given system guarantee.For the dimension of ability,it emphasizes on the main line of evolution of guidance and control of public opinions,explores the generation and evolution of risk governance ability with respect to the guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies,explains the mechanism of the growth and promotion of such risk governance ability,and provides a basis for the construction of such risk governance ability.Finally,it is introduced the question of big data utilization in risk governance.Big data technology plays a more and more important role in risk governance.On the basis of a comparative analysis on existing mainstream platforms for guidance and control of public opinions on emergencies,it is proposed a construction and design scheme of risk governance platform for guidance and control of public opinions based on big data to help management to improve the public opinion situation in an all-round way and to carry out guidance and control of public opinion in time,so as to defuse various risks.From the perspective of risk governance,such a unique research field,it is analyzed related frontier theories multi-dimensionally,induced the internal rules from the complex evolution,built related application models based on the practice,trying to set up coordinates for the cognition of the complex public opinions phenomenon,proving guidance for relevant risk governance for governments,providing a reliable guarantee for improving the effectiveness of risk governance,and exploring a better path in this research field urgently needed strengthening,enriching and expanding the governance theory of Chinese society.