Study On The Population Of Beijing's Streamlined Urban Population In The Early 1960s

The history of the fifties and sixties of the 20th century is to explore the road of building socialism,which mixed with success and experience,failure and lessons,and fully demonstrate the historical complexity and multifaceted.Among them,in the face of serious difficulties caused by the "great leap forward" situation,the communist party of China has adopted a series of policy and way to recover and develop the national economy.It is worth mentioning that the compact urban population is one of the important measures.More than 2000,ten thousand people of the great migration,big city rural population flow,industrial and agricultural production layout adjustment,which did not cause the instability of the society,also didn't produce serious social problem in particular,so this is an incredible miracle,and is also an important subject which is worth studying.This paper,taking Beijing as the research object,is to streamline the background,the process of urban population,resettlement and results summarized analysis,to explore its historical experience and enlightenment.The first chapter,mainly introduces the background of compact urban population policy.In 1958,In order to achieve high performance in the field of industrial,everyplace start hiring blindly,which result in a large number of people from the countryside into the cities,and urban population which has expanded.Since the beginning of 1959,Owing to the economy of the plummet,the central committee of the communist party of China take emergency measures to curb mass flow of the rural population into the city.At the same time,in 1959,strictly implement the central policies which is through strict processing private hire staff disorderly,clean up the labor organization measures,such as preliminary compact urban population in Beijing.The Lushan meeting is to rectify the"left" after the anti-rightist movement,but present a new leap forward again,and the streamline work is interrupted.The streamline although there is no complete schedule,but in the short term,the flow of the rural population to cities goes blindly,to mobilize a batch of urban workers return home,and clean up the labor organization,so mass compact urban population has accumulated experience for later.The second chapter,it is mainly about the historical process of compact urban population work.A new round of "great leap forward"movement caused great damage to agricultural production,and the food problem is increasingly serious.Under the severe situation,since the profound reflection on the "great leap forward",the central committee of the communist party of China adjust the national economy on a large scale.And urban population is one of the important policies of adjustment of the national economy.From 1960 to 1963,according to the policy of the spirit of the central committee of the communist party of China,Beijing's massive compact urban population,roughly experienced brewing,preliminary,orgasm,and wrap up four stages.In the period of the run-up,the Beijing mainly handle from three aspects,such as the private hiring,streamlining and preparation,reduction non-production personnel to carry out the urban population policy.In the preliminary stage of urban population,the Beijing municipal in industrial system,urban people's commune system and education system,and other fields has made great achievements,but in this stage,reduction work does not reach the designated position,work method is simple and crude,the opportunity of getting rid of the debt and so on.In streamlining the upsurge of urban population,Beijing encourage employees to voluntarily,strictly control the increase of returning home worker,adjust the size and streamline business institutions,industrial enterprises who have the decisive victory of compact urban work.At the same time,there is also a wrong cut,which is between production and labor shortage to streamline objects and the phenomenon streamline object,such as "one size fits all".In the finish stage of urban population,in order to grasp to streamline work,Beijing is to increase production to save a campaign against waste and mobilize among the family,birth control measures,such as compact urban population,and flexible implementation of the central policy,has received the good effect.All in all,according to the Beijing central policy,combines the actual conditions of their own,through four stages to streamline work steadily,and resolutely to complete the important task of the compact urban population.The third chapter,it mainly analysis the resettlement of the urban population.How urban population reduced,and resettlement is an important part of streamlining work.In order to make personnel reduce to a comfortable life in settlement and engaged in the production,Beijing will be the central policy,which combined with the actual situation,according to the type of the staffing,placed adopted different policies and measures,all of which is to ensure the resettlement work completed.Overall,the settlement effect is better.Receives were arranged the most properly,being cut staff in settlement have stable mood,peaceful mind,who are engaged in the production.Beijing has a lot of the successful experiences to streamline staff resettlement work,such as,strengthen the management of education,which is to streamline staff work,do a good job in the connection work of smaller units and recipient,original compact unit to strengthen research,and the pay is streamline production skills,etc.Resettlement work also has some problems and shortcomings,such as some redundancies in the settlement can't rest their life there,meanwhile some people are not willing to accept part of the settlement,or some places of resettlement policy enforcement.The fourth chapter,it is mainly about the evaluation of reduction of the success or failure of urban population,and it can also summarize the experience of Revelations of the urban population.Compact urban population in Beijing are able to achieve goals,and the system of policies and measures in Beijing carry out the effective social mobilization and make full use of economic means and system which are inseparable.Its success which brought a series of influence to China's national economy has,and the most direct impact is to ease the pressure on the urban food supply,alleviate the dilemma of the national economy,and promote 'the agricultural production and rural construction.However,in a short period of time,leaning on a large scale urban population,which is caused by the negative influence is not allowed to ignore.Overall,streamlining the urban population is so tough job,which still need to do more reliable and smooth,its success can bring profound enlightenment to later generations:the urbanization process must match the national mood,and avoid big policy fluctuation;To strengthen the "three rural" work,and ensure national food security;Adjustment and urban population resettlement in agreement with institution and resettlement security;To inherit and carry forward traditional system advantage,and the reform can't be at the expense of the original system advantage.We want to learn wisdom and strength,to promote the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and make contribution to the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation.