Political Culture And Resisting Ways Of Urban And Rural Residents For Rights

The central focus of this study is:Are there any differences between urban and rural residents on political culture and their ways of resistance for rights?Are the resisting ways of urban and rural residents for rights affected by the political culture?On the basis of the investigation of 2505 adult residents in Guangdong,Hunan,Hubei,Guizhou and Yunnan provinces through sampling survey and statistical analysis,this study draws following conclusions:Firstly,between urban residents and rural residents in political culture,there are overal differences as following:(1)On the political values:Urban residents' democratic orientation tends to be significantly higher than that of rural residents,and their authoritarian orientation is significantly lower than that of rural residents.(2)On political trust:Urban residents' high-level political trust is significantly lower than that of rural residents,but their grassroots political trust is significantly higher than that of rural residents.(3)On political performance evaluation:Urban residents' political performance evaluation is significantly lower than that of rural residents.(4)On the political efficacy:Urban residents' intrinsic efficacy is stronger than that of rural residents,there are no significant differences between urban and rural residents in external efficacy.Secondly,between urban and rural residents in their ways of resistance for rights,there are overall differences as following:(1)On the intentional ways of resistance for rights:Rural residents are more willing to resist for theie rights outside or at the edge of the system than urban residents,while urban residents are more willing to resist for their rights within the system than rural residents.(2)On the actual ways of resistance for rights:Rural residents show more resistance for rights outside or at the edge of the system,while less of that within the system than the urbans.Thirdly,the political culture has rather significant impact on the ways of urban and rural residents' resistance for rights.(1)Among the political culture factors,political values,political performance evaluation,political trust and political efficacy greatly affect urban and rural residents'intentional ways of resistance for rights which are outside of the system,political values,political trust and political efficacy significantly affect their intentional ways of resistance for rights which are within the system,while political values and political efficacy overtly affect their intentional ways of resistance for rights which at the edge of the system.(2)Among the political culture factors,political values,political performance evaluation,political trust and political efficacy significantly affect urban and rural residents'actual ways of resistance for rights which are outside of the system,political values,political trust and political efficacy significantly affect their actual ways of resistance for rights which are within the system,while political values significantly affect their actual ways of resistance for rights which are at the edge of the system.On the basis of the above explorations,this study makes a in-depth discussion of the following three questions:Firstly,How to evaluate the differences between urban and rural residents in the political culture?The research indicates that urban and rural residents both share a kind of political culture of "authoritarianism-democratism",which is the basic reality of current Chinese society.The differences between urban and rural residents in the political cultural are only as relative differences in components of "authoritarianism" or "democratism".Such political culture shows overt features such as "high government authority","passive civil rights "and"modern populism".As political culture of essence-democracy,it differs from the Western political culture of program-democracy.Secondly,How to look at the differences between urban and rural residents in the ways of resistance for rights?This study suggests that increasing urban and rural residents' resistance for rights shows the profound changes of the political culture since the Chinese markets reform,reflecting the growth of the Chinese people's self-awareness and consciousness of individual rights,while the differences between urban and rural residents in the ways of resistance for rights manifesting the unequal enjoyment of democracy of essence between urban and rural residents,reflecting the current plight of China's urban-rural dual right structure.Thirdly,How to observe the impact of the political cultural on the ways of urban and rural residents' resistance for rights?This study suggests that,on the one hand,the political culture of "authoritarianism-democratism" contains the Chinese people' strong identity of the government authority,which provides a strongly psychological and cultural support for the state maintaining high authority to further promote socialist democracy-of essence.On the other hand,such political culture implies the modern democratic spirit of pursuiting of individual rights and self-realization,which presents a new challenge for the state to further promote socialist democracy of essence under high authority.